Case Studies: Chapter 1-4

Chapter 1 Whats the Buzz on Smart Grids? 1. How do bracing storage-battery storage-battery mightiness gridirons differ from the afoot(predicate) electrical energy stem in the joined States? One of the main differences in the midst of smart grids and present electricity infrastructure in the U. S. is that smart grids propose electricity by utilizing digital applied science in order to birth nada, to reduce salutes, and to increase reli cogency as oppose to present electricity grids provides electricity which is obsoleted and inefficient (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).A nonher difference is that current electricity grids do non deliver any randomness roughly how lot h one-time(a) energy which exercisetles even much difficult to pee approaches to distributions in the efficient manner (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Since current electricity grids do not provide utilitarian schooling, distributors and consumers whitethorn not be able to quarter proper decisions active how they use energy expeditiously (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Conversely, smart grids provide information to two energy provides and consumers so that they cease make decisions for f solely in efficiency (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012). Additionally, smart grids deliver information from the house to the forefinger provider and rump monitor the electricity usage to lower the apostrophize to the consumers and save energy by using them to a greater extent than efficiently (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 2. What management, musical arrangement, and engineering science issues should be considered when ontogenesis a smart grid? The management issues that collect to be considered during the development of smart grid would be to convince the consumer to smite over to the smart grid arrangement (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).The ask for smart grid must(prenominal) be relayed to the consumer and shown how the utilization of the smart grid provide win both the situation provider and the consumer by universe able to utilize power more efficiently (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Consumers will alike to surrender their concealing encourageed, and the management of the power provider must assure their consumers not to en antipathetical intruded by the power partnership but focus on the benefits of the smart grid governance such as lowering their electricity bills though the information feed acantha system that washbasin relay how the energy s creation used and the mogul to decompose it (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The organizational issue that the smart grid system will shoot to overcome would be the broad(prenominal) cost of the smart grid system to be put into place. The meter that necessarily to be installed in each househ old may range from $250 to $ euchre per unit (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Some consumers ar not willing to initially travel by the money to wear the meter installed especially when they hit the sack that to save energy they need to turn absent lights and some other appliances or electronics when they are not be used (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Additionally, once the smart grid system has been successfully been set up, the power provider may risk losing revenue as more consumers are able to use their energy more efficiently (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The applied science issue would be the fact that in the initial installation of the system, it will be time and money consuming on both the consumer and the power provider (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). A completely in the al unitedly system must be put into place and replace the old system. With the advancement of technology, this may become under fire(predicate) to forms of cybercrimes as with any other advanced forms of technology may be attacked (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Also, the complicated technology may not be user friendly to bothone especially to the elders or somebody who is not as technologically aware. 3. What challenge to the development of smart grids do you think is rough ly likely to hamper their development? The challenges that smart grids face that may halt their development would be the fact that first of all the startup of the system is very(prenominal) expensive and time consuming (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The complete infrastructure must be neuterd in order for smart grids to be fully replaced (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).It is withal expensive for the home or melodic line owners to install the meter obligatory to monitor the electricity use and devote to figure issue who will throw for the initial installation of the meter, when the power provider will be drive to cover the cost of the system running which may be as high as $75billion (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). As mentioned in previous question, the consumers must similarly be assured that they do not guide to worry ab expose universe a victim of a cybercrime and their privacy will be protected.Additionally with the advancement of technology, they must make sure it is user friendly to e veryone as some consumers are already making claim that they had a impenetrable time figuring out how to read and analyze the meters (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The toughest part of the power providers starting up with the grid system is to solve all of the issues mentioned high up and convince the entire nation to switch over to the smart grid system. 4. What other areas of our infrastructure could benefit from smart technologies?Smart technology can monitor, assess and analyze any form of entropy and optimize the usage of resources to be able to utilize them efficaciously. Smart car can effectively monitor the consumption of gasoline and use it to minimize the consumption and educe it in order to get the maximum miles per gallon ratio to save money and gasoline (McGlaun, 2012). Some cars automatically shuts their engine run into term the vehicle is not in motion and automatically turns itself back on when it needs to move (McGlaun, 2012). Hybrid vehicles use gasoline and co mbine it with electricity to further increase the miles to the gallon ratio.Other smart technologies that are used in cars would be the two air communication technology that will ascertain cars where other cars are at and what path they are taking. In that way the computers inside the cars can know exactly where each other are at and avoid collision (McGlaun, 2012). Smart technologies are being employ in automobiles and other areas not only demarcationed to houses but withal electricity in order to maintain and preserve the nonre sensitive-fangledable resources (McGlaun, 2012). 5. Would you like your home and your community to be part of a smart grid?Why or why not? Explain. I personally would not like to be a part of the smart grid system. I think that the grid system is a great idea for person who needs to be reminded and guided on how to effectively utilize electricity. In addition, I also believe that it is important for the environment to keep abreast power however lik e many other consumers I know how to conserve electricity. For example, I turn impinge on electronics and unnecessary appliances when they are not in use, I lower the air conditioner at night time and when I leave the house and make ure all the lights and TV are turned strike when they are not being used to name a few. I feel that I am responsible and have the ability to regulate my electricity consumption. That being said, I do wish to pay up to $500 up front for something that I already know and can manage. That is why I do not wish my region to switch over to the smart grid system. Chapter 2 Collaboration and re raw(a)ing at Procter & jeopardize 1. What is Procter & Gambles business strategy? What is the family of collaborationism and innovation to that business strategy?The Procter & Gambles business strategy is to keep the consumers by maintaining the brand and popularity they have with existing consumers (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Procter & Gamble also focuses on improv ing their already existing line of products in order to keep the popularity that they already have (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Lastly, Procter & Gamble creates completely juvenile products from start to the final product and sent out new items to the grocery store to correct their sales (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Procter & Gamble innovates and adds to the market by dividing its focus to developing and creating new brands and items for the market. The company needs the collaboration between all of their indorse holders being the researchers, marketers and the managers to all work together in order to remediate work efficiency which has make them one of the top companies in the universe of discourse (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 2. How is P&G using collaboration systems to execute its business model and business strategy?List and describe the collaboration systems and technologies it is using and the benefits of each. The collaboration of over 8,000 scientists and researchers that are emp loyed by Procter & Gamble existencewide, marketers and managers on the job(p) together increases innovation and as a result further their success in the indus crusade (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). As large as the company is, they keep utilizing all of their employees to research, experiment, produce, market and organize their own brand and create new products (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).With a large amount of employees throughout the world, good communication was crucial to working as one and becoming successful. Proctor and Gamble collaborated with Cisco Telepresence to improve their communication abilities and made certain that all employees have access to the system to bring the organization into one healthful-oiled machine (Cisco, 2008). While P&G were haveing business, they realized that one communication system was not sufficient plenty to be able to satisfy their large demands and needs (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).They also coordinated Connectbeam, which is another communication sys tem which tolerateed employees to share more effectively more information by the utilization of networks between one coworker to another in the form of tagging and bookmarks (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 3. Why were some cooperative technologies slow to look on on at P&G? Some collaborative technologies were slow to catch on at P&G because it took time for all employees to try out something new as many people are more comfortable with what they are used to and are not eager to make changes (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Employees may feel intimidated or does not indispensability to change their normal routine even though they may be told that the new system such as the new communication systems are rectify and more efficient than the ones that already exist such as new email systems (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Another example would be a particular proposition ensuant where researchers were using old outdated version of Microsoft software to print out the research and paste them onto notebook physically with paper and glue (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).To counter this effect, Microsoft overhauled the communication system and attempted to make it easier for the employees to utilize new technology and bring everything together (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 4. Compare P&Gs old and new processes for writing up and distributing the results of a research experiment. In the past, researchers wrote up experiments that were performed or to be performed using Microsoft Office (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The researchers and then(prenominal) printed out what they have typed, and physically glued them onto a notebook one page at a time to place them into a book format (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).The old email system were too controlled by the employees in terms of the receivers of that specific email, being that if the employee who was move the email did not send it to the appropriate receiver, then the email was ineffective as a means of communication (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). On the other hand, o ther forms of communications such as blogs reached out to too large of an audience that being anyone who were interested and cannot be relied on sending sensitive messages (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Microsoft products stream run along the communication problems and issues that P&G had to make communication more effective (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 5. Why is telepresence such a useful collaborative tool for a company like P&G? Telepresence is a useful collaborative tool for company such as P&G because in an organization as large as P&G, they need to be able to keep all of their employees which lives in 80 different countries connected through communication (Cisco, 2008).Not only does Telepresence allow external communications not only by the forms of tele shout out, email or the internet, Telepresence has the ability to supply P&G with 300 videoconferencing rooms where employees such as researchers can see each other during conference which may allow the researchers visual communication o r actually show each others research and experiment over the video than hardly verbally explaining tedious and confusing procedures (Cisco, 2008). The videoconferencing room will also allow for a company meeting or private meetings between any employees of P&G without having to travel, which can save time and travel fees.Telepresence can avail the P&G Company by effective communication methods (Cisco, 2008). 6. can buoy you think of other ways P&G could use collaboration to foster innovation? Procter and Gamble has more than 8,000 researchers with 1,000 or more of them having Ph. D. experimenting, researching and innovating new products for the company in approximately 30 research facilities (Coleman & Hymowitz, 2012). Procter and Gamble is well known and respected company that is known to innovate new products and as a result they have a collaboration of many individuals and organization working for the company and assisting those (Coleman & Hymowitz, 2012).Procter and Gamble ca n reach out and co-ordinated more researchers from other parts of the world to collaborate and innovate new products using new ideas and point of view from different part of the world (Coleman & Hymowitz, 2012). Chapter 3 HOW MUCH DO CREDIT CARD COMPANIES KNOW rough YOU? 1. What competitive strategy are the assent circuit board companies pursuing? How do information systems support that strategy? The cite card companies may be following low-cost leadership strategy and product differentiation strategy at the same time (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).For instance, the reference book companies can categorize the cardholders base on the regular charges the cardholder charges on the opinion card (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). From the types of charges that are made on a regular bases. For example the quotation card company may see someone charging many speeding ticket be onto their credit card as being risky and impulsive just as much as someone who has a record of being behind on their bil ls (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Furthermore, someone that will pay off their credit card bills in a by the way outcome or someone that will go out of their way to put a high quality product on their credit card categorized as being responsible and a better customer and may have a higher maximum balance on their card (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The information system ga at that placed by the credit card company profiles cardholders and places them into categories which may be parti pris and profiling (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Additionally using this data and reaching out to the customers and offering them advices may result in the customers wanting to pay off their debt to their credit card companies before they pay off other credit cards as an individual who was going through a disassociate paid off their debt to one company who took time to offer the customers helper enchantment that customer was unable to pay off other credit cards (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 2. What are the business ben efits of analyzing customer purchase data and constructing behavioral profiles?The benefits of analyzing customer purchase data and constructing behavioral profiles would be that the business can have an idea based on the data who will be more likely to pay back the debt in a timely question and potentially avoid loss (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Customers with a tarradiddle of not paying off their debt or customers who spend in an impulsive matter may have a hard time paying off the charges and have a hard time getting qualified for loans and higher limit. An example would be customers who lost their homes to foreclosures that put their mortgage on their credit card and abandoned paying their debt (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).On the other hand, customers who have a history of paying off their credit card debt in timely matter may be able to get a higher limit and may have a better reputation from their credit card company (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). There are benefits to the credit card com pany to analyze using the purchase data being that the credit card companies will be paid back the customers debt, however this does create a bias opinion of their customers as some may not be sure and potentially good customers.Additionally, by using analysis from data, it may protect the cardholders as it may alert the credit card companies any charges that may be unusual and ultimately alert the cardholders and potentially avoid or protect the customers from fraudulent proceeding (Dhanapal, 2012). Once the fraudulent transaction is identified, the cardholders can then request to start an investigation and shut down that narration (Dhanapal, 2012) (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008).Once the investigation has been initiated, it allows law enforcement to track down the date, time and the location of proceedings and even request a video surveillance of the fraudulent transactions and create a starting point for investigators and law enforcement officer to conduct and identify the subjects (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 3. ar these practices by credit card companies ethical? Are they an invasion of privacy? Why or why not? I believe that these practices by the credit card companies on analyzing their customers purchase data have both pros and cons.They are unethical in the terms that every situation is different in every case. If the customer is having a hard time in their life, such as being in between jobs, they may not have the financial means to pay off all of their debt on time, however it does not mean that the customer is purposely not paying off their debt to steal from the credit card companies (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008). It may be that the individual may have a job lined up and they may pay off the credit card debt as soon as they get more financial stability (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008).As a customer, the idea of credit card would be that the customers can purchase what they need at the time even though they dont have the liquid asset in that particular time and pay them off on a later date and time (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008). By being judged by the analysis based on data, customers may be being judged by unfair bias (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008). On the other hand credit card companies are business and need to be paid back the debt that people make by making a purchase on their credit cards.If the company does not get paid back the debt, then the credit card company will be losing revenue in a highly competitive industry. Chapter 4 The Perils of Texting 1. Which of the five moral attributes of information systems identified in this school text is involved in this case? business and control is one of the moral dimension of information systems that is involved in this case because people that text temporary hookup madcap should be held responsible and liable if they put someone in danger, injure, or worse (Laud on & Laudon, 2010).Mobile phone subscriptions have increased considerably over the past decade and have been continuing to rise at a rapid rate. According to recent study, 5,870 more deaths and 515,000 more accidents were caused from prior years by texting patch drive (The Perils of Texting, 2012). Based on this information, it is obvious that we should not wait until someone gets injure in order to hold people accountable for texting and driving there needs to be accountability now.Quality of life is another moral dimension of information systems that is involved in this case because though we are living in an information-and-knowledge based technological society, there are certain set and practices that should be preserved and supported (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). Valuing human life is one of those practices that should be supported. Those who text turn driving put so many people at risk. Society as a whole is aware of the dangers associated with texting while driving therefore , those who do so, are not valuing human life. 2. What are the ethical, social, and policy-making issues raised by this case?Several States, 31 to be exact, have already prohibited texting while driving, and there are likely more to come President Obama has also prohibited texting while driving for national government workers (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). The ethical, social, and political issues raised by this case are very important as texting while driving has become one of the or so prevalent and dangerous practices people all over are vulnerable to. The laws surrounding texting while driving vary among states, some severer than others. The point is that this is a major issue in anywhere throughout the world.It is ethically revile to text while driving because people are putting others in dangerous way (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). There is, however, still some debate between the social and political aspects of this problem some feel that we should be allowed to text while driving bec ause we should be free to make our own decisions, while others argue it is not the states or federal responsibility to outlaw poor decision-making (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). Despite the opposition, there is a need for legislatures to set harsher penalties for drivers who creates an unsafe road conditions when they text and drive (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). . Which of the ethical principles described in the text are useful for decision making about(predicate) (Dhanapal, 2012)texting while driving? The ethical principles described in the text that are useful for decision making about texting while driving are The specious endure because people should do unto others as people would like to have them do unto themselves (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). Therefore, people should not put others in harms way by texting behind the wheel if they dont want to be put themselves in harms way because others could potentially do the same thing. Immanuel Kants Categorical Imperative principle is applicable be cause it applies to everyone. It is not ok for me to text while driving and not others because my actions could break someone else. If everyone texted while driving the probability of that action endangering people increases enormously. Descartes Rule of Change is useful for decision making about texting while driving because every time you text you are increasing the risk of crack to yourself or others.This territorys states that if the action cannot be bestown repeatedly, it is not right to take it at all. This also applies because if you text and drive once and get away(p) with it, you may be inclined to keep doing. This is the slippery slope rule (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). Risk Aversion principle is useful for decision making about texting while driving because it asks you to take a course of action that produces the least(prenominal) amount of harm (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). In this case, you should choose not to text while driving because it could potentially cause a great d eal of harm.