How Modern Terrorism Uses the internet Research Paper

How Modern Terrorism Uses the earnings - Research Paper ExampleThe Internet provides terrorists with some(prenominal)(prenominal) advantages. For example, terrorists could operate in a clandestine dash from a distance. Such endeavors could be across national and continental borders, and could be conducted without fear of detection or regulation. The expenditure and risk involved in cyber attacks are significantly lower than a physical attack. Furthermore, cyber attacks tilt to attract the attention of the media to a considerable goal (Why Terrorists Use the Internet, 2005). These advantages are off setted by several disadvantages. For instance, the intricacy and distri onlyed nature of the Internet makes it very difficult to control a terrorist attack and achieve the sought-after(a) for objectives. Terrorist attacks on the Internet chiefly cause economic damage, and there is very little scope for employing much(prenominal) attacks to cause physical harm (Why Terrorists Use th e Internet, 2005). As such, a terrorist attack that does not entail remnant and injury attracts less attention and is therefore less effective in spreading terror. Moreover, terrorists host websites that unwrap terrifying videos of their brutal murders. One such video showed the brutal killing of an American journalist by the Moslem terrorists. The Islamic terrorist group, Al Qaeda employs advanced communication technology in conjunction with multimedia, in order to engage in a highly sophisticated form of psychological warfare (Weimann, 2004). The al Qaeda has unremittingly declared via its websites that its attack on the World Trade Center served to significantly damage the US economy, in addition to causing severe psychological damage to the populace. This contention has been borne out to some extent by the weakening of the dollar and the diffidence generated in the US economy, at the national and international take (Weimann, 2004). Moreover, the Internet provides a convenien t means for raising funds for not only political organizations, but also terrorist groups. In addition, terrorist groups employ the Internet to recruit and mobilize cadres. Terrorist organizations not only use the discordant web technologies to enhance their allure, but they also collect information about the entities that browse through their websites (Weimann, 2004). In addition, technical information regarding the manufacture and use of volatiles is readily available on the Internet. For instance, there are several websites that post The Anarchist Cookbook and The Terrorists Handbook. These are detailed manuals for manufacturing a vast array of explosive devices (Weimann, 2004). A major use of the Internet made by terrorist groups is for planning and coordinating terrorist attacks. The September 11 attacks were witness to the large scale use of the Internet by the al Qaeda to mount its murderous attacks. A large number of encrypted messages were retrieved by federal officials f rom the computer of the al Qaeda terrorist Abu Zubaydah, the monster who had masterminded these extraordinary attacks (Weimann, 2004). Realizing the benefit being derived from the Internet, by the terrorists, the US Government embarked upon a counterterrorism strategy. This strategy was aimed at infiltrating the message boards of the Islamic terrorists. In addition, the staunch ally of the US, namely the UK was successful in hacking an English language online magazine of the al Qaeda (Ackerman, 2011). Moreover, in the UK, the Home Office had proposed that filtering software was

Operation case (THE MONGOLIAN GRILL) Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Operation (THE MONGOLIAN GRILL) - grimace Study ExampleIn addition, Mr. Butkus should ensure that all new staff understands the concept fully ahead commencing work. This includes thorough orientation and tailing to ensure new staff understands the four main features entertaining and synergistic environment, fresh and healthy food ingredients, unlimited food quantities, and customer involvement during food preparation.If Mr. Butkus chooses to move the cookery grill to the center in order to allow more space, he should also consider hiring supernumerary staff immediately to work part time. The idea is to allow enough time for the new employees to train and understand the concept as well as to familiarize them to customers.Mr. Butkus, the owner of the Mongolian Grill eating house in London Ontario considered a study design decision on whether to change the change the archetype design of the Waterloo location in order to increase the grill capacity and serve customer faster. The major decision for Mr. Butkus was whether to add a second area for food preparation or to move the cookery grill.i. Move the cooking grill from the corner to a central area in the restaurant in order to increase counter space. This strategic decision would create more space and allow the restaurant to accommodate more patrons, especially during the peak hours.ii. Immediately hire more cooks to work during busy periods in order to reduce workload to existing staff. The current staffs are overworked and may not perform as expected for the company to meet its operational objectives. Hiring additional staff would ensure that the restaurant does not nonperformance important aspects of operations including cleanliness and focus on fresh foods. Furthermore, tired staff may be noisome to the restaurant. Therefore, this decision would ensure that staff focuses more on delivering the best service, a primary goal for the business.iii. bear two cooks to work 30-minute intervals covering a single shift. Although this would increase the cost

HRM Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRM - Coursework ExampleIn order to set up an effective HR department, the first blackguard would be to review watercourse policies and practices. This involves reviewing the various HR scats and expectations. In this case, the HR functions will include recruitment and selection, per micturateance management, reward management, oeuvre management, capacity building, employee relations and establishing an effective HRM system. The HR takes into account the organizations structure, systems, politics, positions among others. The next step is to hash out the beliefs and values of the organization with senior management. Here, the HR takes it upon himself discuss issues such as the organizations dead term and long term goals and objectives, the expectations of the HR department and how the HR contributes to the objectives of the organization. The HR should also discuss the new organizational culture, as well as core activities and business drivers with senior management. By now the HR has a wide view of what the organization is working towards and is ready to be part of it. The next step is to formulate the HR departments objectives and strategies. This involves drafting job description, job analysis, job specifications, payroll and compensation. The HR will also have to lay out appointment, termination and resignation procedures. As a function of HR, it is necessary to draft induction and orientation programs. At this point, it is essential to review main functions of HR department. These severalize functions include job development, recruitment and selection, organizational behavior policies and programs, organizing, HR planning, performance management, HR development, reward management, employee relations, health and safety of employees. With this in mind, the next step is to note what is necessary for the organization in order of antecedency to make up the HR system. Here, the HR should write a report detailing the situation on the ground, the HR depar tment required priorities, the action plan and the time schedule. The HR can now form the department as the HR manager with the assistance of one training manager, one salary presidentship manager and recruitment and selection manager. The HR then seeks approval from senior management to implement the plan. inquire two The most appealing HR function is the recruitment and selection process. This is because it is the core function of the HR department. Without recruitment and selection, there would be no workforce hence, there would be no HR department. absence seizure of workforce to carry out the activities an organization will lead to its closure. The information in the expression is detailing the importance of the recruitment and selection process in any organization. The article details the steps that the HR manager should follow in the recruitment and selection process. Any organization requires qualified and competent employees hence, the article emphasizes the need for a t horough recruitment and selection process. According to the article, the recruitment and selection process should be as efficient as possible, because the success of any organization depends on it. The article attempts to solve the paradox of managers who take the process lightly. A HR manager, who fails in the selection and recruitment of employees, will be answerable for the failure of the organization. The articles also insist that team up charged with recruitment and selection should have the required skills. This is because this team has the

Leadership Accross Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership Accross Cultures - Essay ExampleThe importance of dread culture in a workplace drew the attention of Hofstede he decided to analyze the cultures across the world by means of large and quantitative research (Bing, 2004).Most hospitality and travel companies provoke realized the significance of international business. Despite this realization still, very few can offer information programs to prevent misunderstandings that occur as a result of intercultural interaction. Customer satisfaction for services offered depends on focusing and supervision of individual service encounter. Service providers that provide their employees with effective training achieve better results.organisational culture needs to be managed through effective leadership. For this reason, it is important to properly define organizational culture. It is not an easy task to arrive to a definite description, but some basic questions need to be answered. These includeIn a wider sense, culture serves to describe varied groups of people based on the bound to which individually group is perceived and how a specific group relates to worldly features, which could be living or nonliving including spiritual divines. Historically, culture is said to develop slowly by slowly as each group creates certain patterns of appearances and beliefs that tend to help them in a way, to effectively solve their twenty-four hour period to day problems.As a community lives together, new behaviors crop up and are associated with certain values and beliefs. Furthermore, this is reinforce by rituals, myths and beliefs. It then forms a formidable culture. Apart from the fact that culture enables people to have a sense of belonging, it further provides a means of distinguishing between different groups with different behaviors (Willcoxson and Millett, 2000).Cultures can be projectile any changed circumstance leads to incorporation of new patterns or ideologies. As new systems are introduced into the env ironment, new patterns of behavior are adopted. When such times

Alan Greenspan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alan Greenspan - Essay ExampleBoth had different ideologies as Greenspan advocated for the deregulation of the financial markets and born propagated for the government regulation. The main source of conflict arose as a leave behind of the Over the counter OTC derivatives that were private contracts between major players on the Wall Street on particular bets. Born cited a high likelihood of fraud taking place. But based on Greenspan he believed that the market would identify the frauds and corrects itself. These sentiments were in line with his core principles of a supererogatory market. The assumptions of a free market commonly no government intervention, free flow of information of information, the actions of an individual have no effect on the market and finally, there are no barriers to entry and exit the market. This was the principles that Greenspan stood by up to his retirement but later confessed that the philosophy had major drawbacks. The hedge fund long-term capital comm ission was characterized by large banks secretly investing large amounts of money on the over the counter derivatives at the Wall Street. The hedge fund was additionally invested by a majority of the in the know investors. These transaction were shrouded in secrecy and the government didnt have any clue about them. They were as a result of the wall stock brokers setting complex mathematical formula that guaranteed the investors of a significant elapse on their investment. Finally, there was a meltdown as the Wall Street brokers were unable to handle the home causing a collapse.

T. C. Boyles When the killings done Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

T. C. Boyles When the killings done - Essay ExamplePinpoint five or six instances where environmental reappearances, including problems, become apparent. Perhaps the most spectacular feature of T. C. Boyles striking story titled When the killings done is that on many accounts it escapes the stagnation that one might link up with a novel of its genre the narrative is not only regarding animal rights as it may bulge at first but in his story, Boyle showcases the dynamism and complexity that is associated with environmental activism, morality, ethics and the family life which shapes the actions and intentions of a human being. The purpose of this essay is to high percipient the background for Boyles story by bringing to light the underlying environmental issues in the novel, in doing so the paper draws attention to five instances that are hand in the book where problems and issues related to the environment become evident. In conclusion the essay examines the impact of Boyles nove l in creating awareness regarding aspects related to environmental activism such as biodiversity management, the issue of non-native species in habitats and the redesigning of ecosystems. At the crux of the narrative that is presented in When the killings done lies the skirmish between Alma Boyd Takesue and Dave Lajoy. While, Alma seeks the absolute obliteration of invasive species such as black rats and feral pigs on the islands of Santa Cruz and Anacapa, for Lajoy the killing of an animal regardless of its sort as an invasive species is a grave violation of morality and thats what he has to remember celebrate the animals (Boyle p75). The varying perceptions and motivations of the two characters in advancing their environmental agendas is not only reflective of a conflict or problem that seeks resolution at heart the novel itself but also gives insight into the dilemmas associated with environmental activism in the real world. The fundamental question here is that when the ben efits of environmental activism and protecting the flora and fauna are hold upon on a widespread scale, why is it that human beings cannot collaborate in harmony to achieve a common objective? Due to its focus and analysis of the subjectivity associated with morals and ethics in environmental activism on a macro level, Boyles novel intends to spread a message that comprehends the need to act a balance between values, morals and ethics for the overall good of humanity. Another aspect that is grown in the novel has been crafted by Boyle in the background stories of the characters, in fact, it would be correct to state that Alma owes her cosmos to the island the island saved Almas grand generate from possible death which could have been the consequence of a shipwreck that occurred in 1946. Furthermore, Lajoys girlfriend Anise Reed also shares a special relationship with the islands due to her mothers employment at a ranch located on the island. The implications of these relationsh ips that have been woven within the narrative by Boyle necessarily enhance the dramatic element of the novel to portray the characters and their situations in a manner that is believable. Almas determination to promote her cause and garner the attention of the press on the issue of environmental concern also stems from personal reasons, which enhances the ambiguity of the criterion for right and wrong, thereby, enhancing the subjectivity that is associated with an individuals motivation for environmental activism and selecting the best possible method of conservation. In essence, When the killings done documents decades of changes in habitats, ecosystems and the environment that have been brought about by the

Discuss the view that increased regulation will not necessarily lead Essay

Discuss the view that adjoind regulation leave behind not necessarily lead to higher honest standards - Essay ExampleAccording to Milton Friedman, There is integrity and only one responsibility of business- to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game. Therefore, it clearly says that increased regulations will result in higher honest standards. How eer, on the other hand, Albert Camus says that Integrity has no need of rules which reflects that it is up to the organization to blend much ethical then the regulations. The relationship between regulation and ethical standards is not as piano as it looks. Increasing regulations may or may not lead to increase in ethical standards. If it would have been the case then companies to maintain the conduct of its employees ethically sound would have been competing on crook of regulations than their effectiveness. This essay will explore and analyse the v iew that increased regulation does not lead to increase in the ethical standards. On foundering the general argument, this essay will also attempt to dampen support from variation in accounting and auditing treatments with level of compliance to financial regulation and ethical standard. ... Concerns regarding the ethical conduct of business have gained increased attention since recent past, when corporate scandals, mainly Enron scandal, were unveiled and it resulted in huge fines, reputational loss and even jail sentences (BBC News, 2002). It proved to be the earthquake in trust of stakeholders on the validity of information presented by firms and increased distrust about the accounting practices worldwide (Enderle, 2004). The question was make up to entire mechanism that remained incapable of indentifying the deceiving accounting practices were given least or no punishments (Enderle, 2004). In the mentioned case, it was enviable to correct the existing regulation with focus to eliminate the flaws. This exercise presumably was expected to have more constructive results. The role of auditors in particular became a question mark after this scandal. Moreover on adoption of the corrective measures, the impact of current financial crises was also expected to have been mitigated to rough extent (Argandona, 2012).Contrary to this and without taking lessons from Enron case, increased regulations were imposed on businesses. Increased regulation provided more options to business professionals than ever to use various shades to protect businesses - in both fair and unfair ways. As a result, the newer shock in form of economic downturn took high intensity wave and pushed the entire economy to the verge of survival. Ethics appear to be a relative term being adjusted in relation with the domain in which it is being discussed. Here comes the biggest dilemma of ethics. Since there is no separation of boundaries, it gets easier to develop

TRS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TRS - Essay ExampleIn addition, humanity gets a deeper understanding of God through the saints. Interestingly, these saints argon a strikeion of colourations needed within the church service. For example, saint Francis of Assisi speaks of truths concerning God. However, he does not entirely reflect the fullness of God hence the need for other saints. In summary, saints are a part of the church and are a connecting point between God and human beings.It is quite interesting that the saints reflect color to the church. Moreover, they enable the church have a deeper understanding of God. This is interesting because saints are more of a churchs ideology. Arguably, no one but God drive ins the real state of the hurts of men. Additionally, one could never know the real intentions of the hearts of people. Arguably, saints are considered by the acts. On the other hand, they reflect light, which may not be understandable to humanity unless deeply rooted in the practices of Catholicism. In summary, Catholics hold saints in high

Strategic management as science Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management as science - Case Study ExampleThe report higher(prenominal)lights specialty strategies through marketing, the role of internal avocation culture, and a variety of methodologies which contribute to victorful railway line strategy. The essay would seem to suggest that strategic management is more of a science than an art.Michael Porter, a renowned strategic business expert, discusses his Five Forces model which recognises a variety of external forces which can significantly impact business direction. From a competitive viewpoint, this model suggests that the threat of substitute convergences can impact sales and growth triumph (Quickmba.com, 2008). Substitute products represent similar product bearings in similar marketplaces which can detract from sales success simply due to these products creating excess competition in a firms market environment. Bean and Radford (2000) identify that product innovation, creating unique product offerings, is one method to overcome competition and will create a find of differentiation in different consumer buyers. Innovation might be categorised as an art form, as this is often based on internal staff ingenuity, however innovation would seem to be more scientifically-founded as before an innovative product can be launched, examination of competing products and their function must occur. This requires digest of the external competitive environment which is grounded more in scientific research on behalf of a company. With the high level of competition in a wide variety of different product markets causing problems with macrocosmness able to compete successfully, innovation as a strategic tool would seem to point toward business success. Porters model also identifies threats to businesses in terms of supplier power, such as the level of control which suppliers harbor over raw material delivery or the development of a low-cost distribution infrastructure. Cohen and Roussel (2005) offer that a suc cessful strategic business practice involves designing a bring-chain metric which measures the impact of supplier power on the ability to launch new and innovative products. The first proposed task is to set up a supply chain strategy objective which examines costs and the feasibility of distribution in a method which is both efficient and satisfies budget restrictions. This again would point toward supply chain considerations as being more of a business science, as it involves face-to-face negotiations with different suppliers and a strategic analysis of the strengths and weaknesses on the existing supply chain network. The role of strategic management in regards to suppliers is to identify whether deficiencies exist in the supply chain and work consistently to improve efficiency and budget. In terms of supply, luck and expediency would seem to be aspects of business strategy which are not relevant to creating a workable supply network.From a marketing viewpoint, Porters Five For ces model also recognises the threats stemming from different consumers in terms of their price flexibleness (the

How the recent economic recession has impacted U.S. aerospace Research Paper

How the new-fangled economic recession has impacted U.S. aerospace manufacturing industry - Research Paper ExampleThis industry is mainly concerned with the manufacturing and planning of new and modifyd spacecraft to explore the universe, designing rail linecraft for the transport of the civilians and host services as well as missiles with the aim of national defense. The industry employs nearly 1703000 people retaining the global diverse talents. owe to the heavy investment in the research related functions a significant percentage of the people industrious with the aerospace are scientists, engineers and technicians (Cook, n.d.). b. Short history of Boeing and Airbus Boeing is the leader in the manufacturing of space, defense and security systems and commercial jetliners. A conk ranked exporter in US the company serves customers across 90 countries. The products and services of the company include military & commercial aircraft, weapons, electronics, satellites and defense sy stems, launch systems, advanced communication & information systems. The airline has long history of aerospace mental home and leadership. The company has continually expanded its product lines and services to satisfy the growing needs of the customers (Boeing. 2011). Aircraft ranks among the leading shaper of aircraft that has propelled the company to the forefront by virtue of customer focus, technological leadership, commercial know-how, and manufacturing efficiency. The company provides a bod of customer services that are tailored to meet the requirements of the operators across the globe. The airline has its headquarters in Toulouse. owned by EADS, the airline is a global enterprise with nearly 52500 employees. The company has fully owned subsidiaries in China, Japan, US, and Middle East (Airbus, 2011). Economical Crises facing the aerospace Industry The aerospace industry is grappling with a number of challenges because of the capital-intensive genius of the industry and the situation has worsened with the major governments and companies of the world facing one of the worst crises in recent decades. The economy across the globe is anticipated to pass through tremendous economic upheaval in the forthcoming period. a. Re-Building Confidence of the Consumer The airlines across the globe reported grim earnings over the last equal of years due to a fall in the ticket sales. The commercial aviation being an substantive part of the global economy the airlines across the globe are devising new ways to affect the confidence in air transport. One such way adopted by these companies is through an vast advertisement campaign. There was a sharp fall in the airline traffic during the recent financial crisis due to the cut-back in business travel. One of the biggest problems faced by the airlines industry is the drastic fall in the demand for air transport. Despite the bailout packages almost all the air carriers have grounded air planes to limit substance whereas some of the big airless have even retrenched workforce to prune the massive losses (The Federalist Society, 2003). To improve the demand for the air travel the companies can announce some waivers that will lower the cost of air travel thereby making this mode of travel more attractive as well as affordable. b. Security There has been a revamp of all the security standards in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attack. The necessary security measures

Critical Introduction to Law Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Critical display to Law Portfolio - Essay ExampleMuch equal Poes Prefect, I came into the legality course, an unthinking member of society, taking the study of faithfulness for granted. The sec seminar began to get up my attitude as it engaged impression and reason. Without the benefit of Schlags The Enchantment of Reason, I might puddle read, Poes The Purloined earn as nonhing more than detective fiction. However, with the hindsight of Schlags The Enchantment of Reason, I not only felt compelled to re-evaluate my own view of the law, I was similarly able to interpret Poes The Purloined letter differently. I focused on logic and more importantly flawed logic and the power of the human mind and reason. As a result, I was prepared to study law with an open mind. Reading and discussing the Purloined Letter and Schlags The Enchantment of Reason I came to appreciate a new perspective on law. Looked at as a system of rules and regulation, Schlag and Poes works draw attention t o fallacy of blindly move rigid rules and regulations and then following those rigid rules and regulations even when, they do not produce desirable outcomes. I came to the realization that I had a lot to learn about the law, how and why law is made and what compels heap to follow and to not follow the law. I also realized that disobeying rules and regulations and finding alternative solutions were not of all time wrong. The second seminar therefore changed my expectations. I found that I was eager to learn more about the rights and protections anticipate by the law and when and how unanticipated situations would or should be treated by the law. In other words, the second seminar drew specific attention to procedural rather than substantive law, but invokes thoughts of both. Essentially, the second seminar taught me that procedural rules and regulations seldom anticipate every possibility. Rule makers, such as the police in The Purloined Letter who refuse to measure up rules when they are inappropriate in an unanticipated situation, end up with rules and regulations that are ineffective. Therefore reason and logic dictates that there are often justifiable grounds for going around the procedural rules and regulations or modifying them to ascertain a new set of circumstances. The third seminar provided a more direct experience with the law with an unveiling to 19th century English legal scholar A.V Dicey. Dicey invited critical thinking about the law and what it takes to learn the law. In Diceys Can English Law Be Taught At The Universities? fortify my enthusiasm to study the law. Dicey admits that the best place to learn the law is in the courtroom. However, he also notes that there are some things that cannot be learned by mere practice and that learning law in university fills that gap. The gap is learning to think critically about legal concepts. That can never be learned in the courts and in the law chambers. I was also encouraged by Kennedys freshma n Year Law Teaching as Political Action which encouraged legal scholarship as a tool for encouraging critical thinking rather than merely learning the law as a means to a career. Kennedy encouraged creativity and a unique approach to learning and doctrine law. Thus far, I felt that I was already becoming a creative and critical thinker. Introduction to law was nothing like I expected learning the law to be. I always thought studying law meant learning and thinking codes and cases. Now I was thinking about logic and outline and

Inquiry Based Project for Literacy Learning Assignment

Inquiry Based proletariat for Literacy Learning - Assignment Example 11 Reference list 13 Abstract According to Talay-Ongan, literacy education is a continuous process that expects consistency to grant apt process. This is especially so when it comes to youngsters that need to grasp enough information in concurrence to learning. Therefore, children between the ages of five to eight have to be given ample advertance in coming up with a developed learning. The person in control of their learning, especially teachers are to encompass all developmental approach to students to stumble a correct learning practice. This will assist the students at this tender age to amass enough opportunity to make break up educational standards. The use of balanced approach to development is a system that has been noted to chew over plausible results to the concerned students. The students end up having a balanced learning experience that institutes greater learning, especially when the children are growing up (Talay-Ongan, 2004). This shows why many students with balanced developments during their initial learning have better performance as compared to students with reduced keenness during their initial learning stages. Therefore, it is a prudent approach to origination a succinct development project that could be employ with the children at their tender ages. This will assist in amassing enough knowledge that could be used in the course of their learning. In addition to this, valuate the developmental project is a point that will reflect a better approach to educational standards. 1.0 Theoretical Perspectives and Rationale Theoretical perspective and rationales are used to ensure there is better performance in accordance to the learners. They are used to measure the performance and effectiveness of the learning in accordance to the youngsters. In this design, the decision was to engage in reading of different texts during the learning. The language has a variety of ph onics used to make a difference between the sounds and the letters. This is the initial stage that should be mastered by children during their proto(prenominal) ages of growing. Therefore, there is need to have a reelection of the stated phonics, in every language. Though some languages have the same phonics with different pronunciation, banking on the ostensible language is an appropriate measure. This states why people from different continents compose and read the same word in a totally different pronunciation (Talay-Ongan, 2004). This is basically collectible to their induction in the phonics of their basic language. It is widely known as a

Education by Computer - a Better Way Research Paper

Education by Computer - a Better Way - query Paper ExampleEducation together with learning is essential to everybody, as theprincipaltechniques of ensuring a productiveand sustainablesociety. Beca enforce of globalization, which leads to increase in thescopeof jobs, it isessentialto provide quality reading to ensure end productofknowledgeableand well-informed employees. Currently,emergenceofexpertiseandinformationas the main features for development and economic result are among issues widening the gap between the rich and the poor. Among the poor people, they filmthatlearningusing a computer is expensive and at clock times may not be affordable to them. On the otherwise hand, the richarguethat computerizedlearningiscrucial, and it is affordable. Therefore, the gap among the poor and the rich becomeswide. In addition, some individuals may not be able to access the modern facilities due to their financial statures, place of residence, and age. However, despite the challenges that mayexist, roughly of the individuals advocate for education using the computer system. Some of the effects associated with computersystemof education complicate their ability toacceleratelearning. ... The learning conditions while using computers is favorable as one has theopportunityof choosing a friendly environment tostudyespecially while usingprivatecomputers. It is by using computers that the craved changes in pedagogy will be possible (Postman 15). The use of computers ineducationover time raised debates as many people began tocriticizeits use by adolescents and children. This regarded the use of computers in last school and primary schools. However, some individuals lifeed computer use in schools and at home. Those in support of education by computerstatethat, with computers, it willenhanceachievementby students. In addition, theyclaimthat it isessentialto use computer in teaching students at an early age to avoid the accident of lagging behind. This is possible because , schoolsgetcomputers from business communities trying tofacilitatecorporate social responsibility. This means that teaching feesgetsomesubsidy, hence affordable to a majority. Parents also claim that, because of incorporation ofeducationby computers at an early age, it helps ensure thatcreationof high tech world for a better tomorrow work force. The use of the internet enables students to be close to teachers, students from other schools, andbeconnected with other professionals globally (Ortega and Bravo 9). In addition, it will ensure that students are up to-date regarding issues happening. The idea ofeducationby computer, when canvas critically, is a noble idea. This will help to speed upeducationandlearning. At the same time, use of the internet will make the users up todateregarding issues happening globally. Despite all the positive results associated witheducationby computers, there

Financial Instruments Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Instruments - Case Study ExampleFor instance, debt financial backing bears high financial endangerment due to high leveraging of the company and this may lead to legal action and bankruptcy proceedings in case of default on interest payment (Henderson, Peirson & Harris, 2003).The company should consider the risk of losing say-so since convertible notes providers may request for directorship position in order to protect their interests in the firm. The best starting time is cumulative preference shargons since dividends will be paid when the company finally makes profits (Henderson, Peirson & Harris, 2003).The company should besides consider the flexibility and availability of the source of finance. For example, it is easy to issue redeemable preference shares since it is readily operational and can be redeemed in the future. The company should also consider the tax implications of the source of finance. For instance, debt payments are tax deductable and thus it shou ld use debt financing when the tax rate is high in order to protect the company income from the high taxes (Henderson, Peirson & Harris, 2003).The company should also consider the growth rate of the firm. For instance, the company should use debt financing during high growth cycles since the high revenues will offset the interest payments (Henderson, Peirson & Harris,

An Inconvenient Truth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Inconvenient law - Essay ExampleThe author of the paper tells that in the video An Inconvenient Truth, it shows how the cosmeas temperature has skyrocketed in the last decade, 2005 being the hottest. The dramatic rise in temperature in several places in the world has caused numerous devastating environmental disasters and catastrophes. Places all over the world dumbfound desiccated and dried up, much(prenominal) as Patagonia and Mt. Kilimanjaro. Multiple storms have exacerbated and have gotten worse and worse. The Arctics ice and snow have melted significantly, causing an increase in the sea level. When the height of the seawater increases, a great sum up of lives provide be affected. States such as Florida and major cities such as Shanghai in China, Kolkata in India and Manhattan in New York will drown and be buried by underwater. The community of scientists has collectively prone their opinion and judgment on world(a) warming and they believe that we are the main cause of global warming. Through Al Gores presentation, he persuades and tells us that if the immediate course of action will be taken by citizens globally, then we might all still have a rule in saving the land from global warming, and saving ourselves. From the trailer of this documentary film, it definitely concerns me regarding the future of the Earth and the future of the people.

Picking a stock Essay Example for Free

Picking a air EssayPicking a stock is non as easy as differentiating big board from the Nasdaq. And more importantly, such releases atomic number 18 independent of the quality of the stocks. Both bourses make up the big majority of the US stock market. Easily, these stock exchanges maintain the countrys premiered blue chip stocks wherein Microsoft is Nasdaqs flagship stock and commonplace Electric is arguably NYSEs most well established listed company. The most glaring difference between the two is their own choice of medium to do trans beions. Nasdaq-listed trades are entirely automated.NYSE trades are still overseen by specialists. While traders have some say in how, when and at what price the trades are crossed, they cant pick the market (NYSE vs. Nasdaq, (2003), from web site http//www. forbes. com/2003/08/18/cx_aw_0818mondaymatchup. html). Meanwhile, NYSEs seven (7) specialists act as facilitators with the interest of making a very liquid market in the stock exchange . Nasdaqs market makers on the new(prenominal) hand, actually act as participants in the buying and selling of shares (electronically, of course).NYSE is a well-know auctions market wherein the highest bidding price will be matched by the lowest asking price (The Tale of Two Exchanges NYSE and Nasdaq, from web site http//www. investopedia. com/articles/basics/03/103103. asp). Conversely, Nasdaq is more organic fertilizer as a dealers market where market makers buy and sell from each other against their personal inventories. Lastly, history makes a big contribution to each bourses public perception.Whereas the NYSE is viewed as a more established institution (founded in 1792), Nasdaq is perceived as high-growth and highly volatile merchandise platform and subsequently attracts mostly firms from the IT and Telecom industries. Some first-time participants who are cost-driven prefer Nasdaqs cheaper listing fee as well. The case of former Worldcom CEO Bernard Ebbers created a ripple effect in the telecommunications industry and mischievously put its existing form, MCI, into a whirlpool of debt amounting to around $35 billion. Even when Verizon purchased MCI for $7.6 billion when the last mentioned filed for bankruptcy, the new executive officers had the daunting tasks of regaining public trust while at the same efflorescence more antitrust issues and financial window dressing perpetrated by the previous incumbents. Thousands of jobs were lost creditors and investors alike could not recoup most of their stakes in the company. the fall of WorldCom altered the fortunes of a number of telecommunications industry participants, none more so than ATT Corporation (Romar, Edward J. , Worldcom Case Study Update 2006, (2006), from web site http//www. scu.edu/ethics/ intercourse/candc/cases/worldcom-update. html). The demise of Worldcom after the scandal affected the entire industry, especially the other forerunners that put too ofttimes reliance on the now bankrupt co mpany as the beacon of industry standards. Bloated projections not whole destroyed Worldcom, but it also damaged financially the competitors who reacted aggressively to counter these projections. For example, Worldcoms former suppliers Nortell and lambent Technologies took a nosedive via layoffs and below book value share prices because of these overstated figures that were never accomplished anyway.

The Automatic Stabilizer Essay Example for Free

The automatic rifle Stabilizer EssayIn macroeconomics an machine-controlled stabilizer refers to any economic program or policy that machinelikeally increases or decreases to resist or stabilize the present economic trend without the need for governmental assistance (Automatic Stabilizer, 2007). Auerbach Feenberg (2000) describe automatic stabilizers as elements of fiscal policy that moderate fluctuations in aggregate output.From the Keynesian viewpoint, automatic stabilizers may acknowledge those constituents of the government budget that increase government spending and reduce taxes during a recession, and do exactly the resistance during a boom (Auerbach Feenberg). Automatic stabilizers atomic number 18 precipitated by shocks that cause the aggregate economic activity to either increase or decrease (Auerbach Feenberg). As an example, there are certain kinds of taxes, e. g. the progressive tax, that rise to a greater extent than proportionately to offset increases i n income (Automatic Stabilizers).If these taxes did not exist, the government would have to take reach against increases in income so as to prevent the inflation rate from rising in the near future. But, if the government had to take action to raise taxes in that event, it would first have to determine that income has, indeed, risen, before it would pass a rightfulness and stop for the law to go into effect. This could be a rather time-consuming process. Moreover, by the time the new law is ready to have an effect on the economy, the economic trend may have reversed (Automatic Stabilizers).Automatic stabilizers tend to help the economy regardless of whether it is experiencing or bound to experience a boom or slump. When income decreases, the economy may ultimately hit a recession. However, unemployment compensation and income supplements for the poor may come to the hand over before the government decides to take action against the drop in income (Automatic Stabilizers).As the i ncome drops, there are to a greater extent people that are eligible for unemployment compensation and income supplements (Automatic Stabilizers). Hence, the economy may be saved from experiencing a downswing through these automatic stabilizers. Auerbach Feenberg have estimated that the payroll and income taxes in the United States have the power to offset just about eight percent of an initial shock to the Gross Domestic Product. However, the impact of these taxes was higher during late 70s and primeval 80s because of high inflation. Of course, tax rates have an effect on the power of these automatic stabilizers.According to the authors, however, the specialty of an automatic stabilizer depends not only on how much of an increase in useable income it produces, besides also how large a private response in consumption this increase in disposable income generates (Auerbach Feenberg). This is because the spending of households with different levels of income is expected to diff er even as the automatic stabilizers are at utilisation (Auerbach Feenberg). Undoubtedly, the effectiveness of automatic stabilizers differs among nations with different levels of income inequality.Moreover, countries differ in their tax rates and the design of their income supplements. Therefore, automatic stabilizers are expected to have differing impacts across countries. Regardless of their impacts, however, automatic stabilizers are very helpful for the economics in which they are at work (Automatic Stabilizers). Lastly, by estimating the impacts of various automatic stabilizers, governments may design programs and policies, that is, automatic stabilizers, that would counteract shocks more effectively in the future. Methods of reducing income inequality are also expected to alter the effectiveness of the automatic stabilizers.

Economic Globalization and Civil War Essay Example for Free

Economic Globalization and Civil War EssayResearchers Katherine Barbieri and Rafael Reuveny attempt through their study on economic globalization and civilised fight to find the relation, if any, between the effects of globalization and the occurrence of civil wars in developing countries. Their hypothesis is that globalization has positive effects on developing countries, causing them to ca-ca more stability and become less promising to erupt in civil war.Using the examples of 74 civil wars spanning the years of 1970-1999, the researchers compared variables of globalization including international trade, foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and internet use against periods of civil war in corresponding countries. Their results revealed that when the globalization variables, with the exception of internet use, are more important to a country it is less likely to have a civil war.These variables produce an economic stability that makes plurality less inc lined to interrupt the status quo. Their results showed that poor countries with large populations that were less likely to be economically equal in already dire financial straits are far more likely to see internal unrest. While globalization is unlikely to be the root cause of civil war and can help reduce the likelihood it cannot prevent it as there may be deeper forces at work such as cultural or ethnic inequalities that may be exacerbated by globalization.

A Purchasing Decision Essay Example for Free

A get Decision Essay1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of purchasing high-end versus low-end personal organiser devices for the medical examination center physicians?The advantages and disadvantages of purchasing high-end versus low-end PDA devices for the medical center physicians are that from the PDA device on a high-end of quality and price is that a physician can do more with it a (PDA) can access the internet store reference secular track collect patient data provide patient education material aide in the billing process and transmit electronic prescriptions. The disadvantages of a high-end PDA device are the cost of the detail and training associated with it on a trammel budget.The advantages of purchasing low-end versus high-end PDA devices for the medical center physicians are that from the PDA device on a low-end of quality of and price would allow the administrator to comply with his budget. However, the disadvantages are that with a PDA device on a low-end of quality an there is a higher level of credential risk and a physicians are limited to certain functions due to the lower quality of software which in the end could actually result in others costs fixing and aide issues cause by these limitations.2. What office the implications of a finale about purchasing PDA devices for physicians it this medical center? The possible implications of a decision about purchasing PDA devices for physicians it this medical center could be from the high-end PDA the price would put a strain on the administrators budget and would affect other needs of the medical center, and with a device on the low-end of quality an there is a higher level of security risk and a physicians are limited to certain functions due to the lower quality of software3. What are the limitations of the current decision-making process about a PDA investment?The limitation of the current decision-making process about a PDA investment is the administrators budget.4. What decision-making process would you propose for (IS) investment decision at the medical center? Should others be problematical? Who? How much? The decision-making process I would propose for (IS) investment decision at the medical center would be to bring all department heads of the medical center and the physicians together and discuss the need to make this purchase and the possible consequences of that decision.It is my understanding that the choice to make a purchase of this equipment for the medical center is understood to be a positive strategic move but the resulting actions of that purchase will affect everyone, and its for that cogitate I think everyone should be involved so issues and concerns can be addressed to make a choice together that will be in the best interest of the medical center.

Fate vs. Free

Fate vs. Free leave al mavin EssayWhat we do, where we walk, how we act and what decisions we take ar they guided by our free ordain or by the hand of fate? Even if we do have free allow are we one deoxycytidine monophosphate percent, truly free or is free will just training wheels carrying us along variant paths to our predestined location? If so, we are inherently limited from birth in the aspects of our intelligence, success, and true freedom depending on how binding the shackles of fate truly are. We gaget control circumstances of our birth or generally life-altering things that are out of our control much(prenominal) as a random lightning strike or traffic accident, hardly perhaps we can control the broader course of our life through our actions. One who trains their body diligently and with haughty effort may amaze a famous MMA fighter with a body that the ancient Greeks would question at, but what if that persons profession and training were stamped into him at birth? At conception? At the beginning of metre itself? Possible, but what if he just made a decision one day and earned it?thither simply is no way to get along, short of speaking with the divinity that has assigned us all our fates if such a being exists. Say we are all prisoners in an inescapable prison of destiny. Perhaps round of us are given the opportunity to control our fates.Perhaps some of us are afforded a choice between the blue pill or the red pill the choice to be a living pecker or to break into our deliver universal order and control our own lives. We will never know. The one thing we may know however, is that we may be given this choice one day, and this rift in the balance of the universe will afford us enough free will in the situation simply to make the decision between the blue pill and the red pill.We can know in our hearts what our decisions will be when we are handed our destinies and told to take control and become the master of our own destinies or re lease them back into the cosmic wind, and become a simple puppet once more. I can speak for no one but myself, but I know my answer in my heart.The thought of my life being anything but my own up until this point sickens me. I will not be a puppet, I will not be led forcefully through my destiny by the imperceptible shackles of fate. I will take control of my destiny, steer my own ship I will be the master of my own destiny if the expense is my life because I know the life I led will have truly been mine.

Staark Accessories Essay Example for Free

Staark Accessories EssaySALES DISTRIBUTIONA mode line is designed and created a year in advance according to season specific, so it give hit the shop floor at least 2 months before the next season comes around. When youre still rocking denim shorts and having summer days at the park, the shop elves are busy implementing the unfermented f both collection. Its true that separately fool has its own style of working, different barters and dispersion strategy Staark Accessories Pvt ltd (Licensee of Spykar) follows certain strategies too. Before proceeding let us introduce you to Staark Accessories Pvt ltd. It is a Licensee of Spykar (a well cognise brand in India) for Personal care growths and own innovative brands like Scoops (Pocket Perfumes) and are still in the process of launching comprehensive range of Personal Care products. The range will wipe full(a) olfactory spectrum to suit all moods types of the individual through our multi brand strategy. Our endeavor is to become Indias lead up to launch entire gamut at one go obviously become an indigenous leader in the fieldPresent ScenarioThe Staark accessories are currently present in 8 States Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu Kashmir Andhra Pradesh Karnataka (South India). Staark Accessories are in the commercialise with the products like Scoops (Pocket Perfumes 8 variants), Deodorants (Spykar Brand 2 females, 2 Gas Free, 7 Male) 4 Perfumes.Working roomIn each state, a universal work flow is being maintained (as shown below) Super Stockiest (Advance strain 100%)DistributorsRetailers (Staark Team)Retail network are built by the Staark team. The team builds the order and passes it on to the Distributors and wherefore to the Super Stores.Road Map* issue of Additional State openings in FY 13-14 10 State openings * Number of Product Launching in FY 13-14 locution Wash Soap mid(prenominal)-Price Perfume for SpykarStaark Accessories, Scoop- Travel Kit Mid Size Perfume* P AN INDIA presence in FY 14-15* New Products FY 14-15 Mobile Cleaner Deo Drops Hair jelly Shaving Cream Shaving Gel / Foam Wet TissueAdditional Revenue for vexation (FY 14-15)Besides model of Staark Accessories would evolve through the planned verticals listed below * Spykar LicenseSpykar has abandoned the license given to Staark Accessories Pvt Ltd to manufacture distribute Spykar individualised care products- PAN India. Current Product Range Perfumeries DeodorantsNew Launches Soap, Face Wash, Hair Gels, Shaving Cream, After neaten Lotion, Wet Wipes, Body Talc* Staark Branded productsInnovation product Scoops in FY 13-14Current Product Range Perfumes (Scoops)New Launch Hair Gels, Shaving Cream, After S begin Lotion, Soap, Face Wash, Mobile Cleaner, Deo Drops, Body Talc* Sales Network spanning the countryCurrently present in 8 states with robust and qualified sales personnel. In addition to this, procedures are in progress to cover Pan INDIA by FY 14-15.* corporal SalesTod ay corporate selling has become a phenomenon commit in business where an organization gifts another organization to strengthen the relationship between the two entities. Corporate sales can be described as a large order or sale that occurs between two large companies. It involves sale of products and services to a large sector of entities. It is different from the regular sales which targets individuals. Corporate sales help to release the companies stocks. Staark accessories shall have a different team expression after selling the products to boost sales by per sorting bulk ordersfor following products under the Brand name SPYKAR. The products that can be sold as Combo gift sets / corporate gifting are Deodorants, Belts, Wallets, T shirts, Jackets, Perfumes, Socks, Eye-Wears, Foot-Wears and Jeans.* Licensing more brandsAfter acquiring the licensee of Spykar and successful achieving the desired target, the credibility to license other brands shall enhance (for personal care produ cts)* CSD CanteensThe Canteen Stores Department (CSD) is owned by Government of India Enterprises under Indian Ministry of Defense. The department procures consumer goods and consumer-durable products in bulk directly from suppliers and positions them at 33 Area Depots (acting as whole sale depots), spread all over the country, for meeting the requirements of over 3500 URCs which function as retail outlets. Many of the URCs are located in remote/inaccessible parts of the country. Extending hands in this area would be an additional benefit for the brand.* E SalesStaark accessories can differentiate the business by creating a personalized shopping experience for each node delivering germane(predicate) content and offers and dynamically changing the experience to suit an individual customers context. Thus this will also increase sales opportunities and lifetime value of online customers through delivering a relevant online experience, turning browsers into buyers, delighting custome rs and building brand loyalty.* Modern TradeModern trade as opposed to traditionalistic retail shops refers to a full range of sale methods based on marketing techniques. For instance in self-service shops you have no more sales attendants behind a counter now the customer can touch the articles. The more expensive goods will be ready at hand whereas youll have to bend to reach well with fewer added values for the store. A few articles will be offered at rock bottom prices with muchpublicity in order to attract as many customers as possible. The display of goods is very important and needs an elaborate know-howHere we are looking at bounteous / Mega stores like Shoppers Stop, Lifestyle, Big Bazaar, Hyper city, etc where we can perform in bulkIntra-StructureMedia PlanningIn FY 13-14, Electronic media support, impress media support Social network Once present in Pan India in FY 14-15, we plan to form Mother Deports (CNF) and divide our manufacturing units in 4 major states Mahara shtra, Delhi, Karnataka and Kolkata to cover the entire Pan India.

Physical Therapy Essay Example for Free

physiological Therapy EssayThe major that I will be vent into in the next four years is corporal Therapy. Physical Therapy is basically a health pull off profession, that provides therapy for those who have been injured, have a physical disability or for those who are experiencing minor pains in their carcass. I chose to get into Physical Therapy for many different reasons. I first thought of being a Physical healer when I realized that I was a hands on type of psyche, means that I like to work while being active. I then discovered that a serve of Physical Therapists work for college and professional sport teams and that to me was very exciting call backing I want to play in the NFL one day. For the past year I have been interested in becoming a Physical Therapist. Everyone that I have talked to about my decision on choosing this field has been very supportive and has said that it is sodding(a) for me. There are many different courses you must push to become a Physica l Therapist such as, Biology, health sciences, kinesiology and ATC.Hearing from past students that were involved in the Physical Therapy field, they have told me that it takes a care of hard work to really advance in the field. A major assignment when youre first appearance the Physical Therapy field is learning the human be and a project that involves learning the human body is having to observe a diseased body. This project will benefit me in the field because it gives me a extensive look on the way the human body is and looks inside.Being that you have to know the muscular scheme and the skeletal system, observing a body will let you take a deeper look into how the body looks and will teach you every amour you contain to know when youre working with a live person. Being a Physical Therapist has really advanced throughout the years and therapists have now been considered doctors. Being a doctor is a very difficult thing to do, having to get your masters and then your working for your doctorates leg requires a lot of time and a lot of work.Being a Physical Therapist depending on how sophisticated you get, buttocks bring in a lot of money. Also it can open up a lot of job opportunities. Whether you choose to work for a team or work for an office, you can eventually open up your own business with the right level of education. Another positive thing about Being a Physical Therapist is that you know how to treat injured people, so theology forbid someone in your family gets injured you can treat them without orrying about some other person making things worse. A negative part about being in this field is that it will take up a lot of your time either at school or when youre in truth working. If youre getting involved with a professional team then you also have to consider the traveling part of the business, going from state to state every week during the season. Also it will require a lot of money to go far into your major.College will give me the resour ces and the knowledge that I need to know in order to do well with patients. You must have a masters or doctorate degree to become a physical therapist. A recent study has shown that about there was about 199,000 jobs in the US for being a Physical Therapist. Athletic Training is a passage that is very similar to Physical Therapy and both degrees can be used for each other. The average Physical Therapist gets paid about 78,000 dollars a year.

Peter Skyrznecki Essay Example for Free

Peter Skyrznecki EssayOur idea of belonging is a result of the choices that we make. We feel a signified of acceptance wherever we choose to belong. This is explored in Peter Skrzyneckis verse form Feliks Skrzynecki and St Patricks showed the ides of derangement and belonging. They ar shown through conglomerate techniques such as an allusion, direct speech and globey more poetic techniques. Feliks Skrzynecki is a poem that shows a tribute to Peter Skrzyneckis father. Through the use of powerful and vivid imagery, the poet successfully conveys Feliks as a man who is comfortable, content and secure in his own identity. In this poem, concepts of belonging and not belonging occur at heart place, family, community and culture. The first stanza emphasizes the idea of belonging. Feliks sets standards of his own minds making. He is comfortable in belonging to his own instauration, his garden, family and heathen heritage. This is further emphasized through the use of the simile loved his garden like an only fry which demonstrates the love he possessed for his garden. The garden can as well as be interpreted as Feliks constructed world a place he escapes to in order to feel a sense of belonging.The garden is also the reward for his hard work. Skrzyneckis poem St. Patricks College displays how a sense of belonging is influenced by external forces. For individual to belong to something they must make their own decisions in life, understand their surroundings and build relationships with those around them. These qualities are lacked by Skrzynecki in St. Patricks College which resulted in him not belonging. Skrzynecki was sent to this school because his mother was only wanting, what was better.The direct speech is a cliche as every parent wants what is best for their child. The irony of the perspective was that for eight years sending Skrzynecki to St. Patricks College Wasnt for the best. He did not understand the shipway of the school which led to his la ck of belonging. The repetition of the phrase for eight years reinforces how long the alienation and breakup lasted for, the feeling of not belonging did not change for eight years. The use of the personal pronoun I passim the poem gives a dreary, detached tone which emphasises his loneliness.No relationships with students, teachers or anyone else at the school were formed everyplace his time there. The time at the school was useless as highlighted by I could say the noblemans prayer in Latin, all in one breath. He claims that as what he real from eight years at the school, a useless skill. Skrzynecki found it so hard to belong to St. Patricks College because the decision to go to the school was not his own, he did not understand his surroundings and he did not build any relationships with those around him.In Conclusion the ability to belong can be touch by understanding, choices, culture, relationships and experience. In the poem Feliks Skrzynecki showed the sense of belongi ng in the respective place, like his garden. In contrast, the poem St Patricks College showed that Skrzynecki lacked in building any relationship with those around him. Peter Skrzynecki used various to show the alienation and belonging in the poems Feliks Skrzynecki and St Patricks College.

Texting Essay Example for Free

Texting Es jointTexting. (IF) It is the bran-new age way of communicating. With this new way to communicate new problems ease up arisen. People argon schoolbooking speckle talking to differents or duration others be talking to them. Which brings up the question is it wrong? While many tidy sum think that it is wrong they may find themselves doing it on occasion. It is very easy to unspoiled say it is wrong with let out even looking at the other office of the argument. Surely it is acceptable to text in some particulars. well it is non acceptable to text while you ar talking to individual else.Let us compare a texting confabulation to a very conversation. If one was trying to talk to soul but he or she was besides talking to someone else, it would be impossible for that person to be completely engaged in both conversations. This is just uniform texting. How can a person be amply engaged in any conversation while they are having a texting conversation with som eone else? Also one wouldnt even be fully focused on the conversation one is having over text when one is talking to someone else.That is just being rude to two people at once. Not only is texting while in conversation with someone else rude it is rude in other scenarios too. It would be considered rude in a motion picture theater, during a play, or on a date especially if one is not the one paying for these things. Imagine that you hurt just invited someone to go to the icons and you decided to pay. How would you feel if the person you paid for is texting during the movie?That person is conveying that they arent enjoying the movie that you spent money on them to see. Many people also use texting to act like they are better than other people. Most any teenager would say that when a situation gets awkward they will pull out on that point phone and either arrive at to text or actually text. This can be found rude because when one pulls out there phone to avoid a certain situati on, or to act like they find something better to do while a situation is happening.By avoiding situations because of texting one showing that one thinks they are above what is happening, and that they cannot be involved in a situation like that because it is too awkward. An example of this kind of situation is when you are walking great deal the hallway and someone else is walking the opposite direction and they start looking at you. Instead of saying, Hi, or giving them a smile people will resort to pulling out there phone and acting like they are texting. What makes you better than the other person walking down the hallway?Why cant you just say, Hi, or give them a smile? Those are not hard things to do but people will think they are better than other people and just completely ignore that other person. On the other hand many people would say that texting is very convenient and allows someone to get information to someone else. This is very true. Texting is handy to have when on e needs to give someone else some quick information such as what clip something starts or something of that sort. Texting is not always used for sharing information though.According to a recent wonder about texting, there are two kinds of texts spreading information and conversation. (Burrow) Texting for information is not rude if it is an nip or something like that but when texting turns to conversation and one is texting to avoid people, avoid situations, or while someone else is taking then it becomes rude. Any conversation that you have over text can just as easily be done over the phone on a phone call when you have time to focus on the conversation.In an article from the Salem News this idea was brought up to not be rude if you need to send an grand text during a conversation just rationalize oneself for a minute to check and respond to the text just like you would with a phone call. finally texting during class is one of the most disrespectful things one can do to a tea cher. Teachers choose to be teachers so they should be treated with the utmost respect because they are providing an education to teens and that is one of the most valuable things anyone will need in life.By texting during class one is showing the teacher that they think they are more important than what she is saying. This is simply not the case because education will arrest one someplace in life not a texting conversation that you have to hide from the teacher. Texting distracts one from learning, and when one is texting they have to refocus back to what they were doing. According to a study, tasks that are interrupted seem more difficult and take longer to complete. (Cohen) Texting is flat out rude.There are ways to text someone if it is really important by simply asking to be excused so you can text, but to just text in someones face while they are talking to you is just rude. Texting to avoid situations is also rude because you are letting other people know that you think yo u are better than them and that is just mean. Texting during class is just dumb because you miss out on things you need to know for your life. So succeeding(a) time you go to text during class, while someone is talking to you, or to avoid a situation just think about what you are doing and realize that it is rude.

An analysis of Macbets struggle Essay Example for Free

An analysis of Macbets struggle EssayViolence, gunstock and death. The quintessential characteristics of war. Shakespeares Macbeth is based on a war, however not your typical one. The real war in the assemble and the underlining factor leading to Macbeths death, is not fought on a battlefield, there are no swords, and no soldiers to discharge them. The real war is fought in Macbeths mind. Macbeths conscience and vaulting ambition alternate in controlling his actions end-to-end the play.Many critics of the play believe that from the first scene to the last, Macbeths character is unchanging, and that he is always g everywherened by his greed, selfishness and evil. This is not so. Right from the outset of the story, Macbeths indecisiveness is evident. In act I, Macbeth struggles a great deal in deciding whether or not to murder the king and take his throne. When Macbeth is first given the prophecy that he leave be king, he dreads the thought of killing a man that has been l ike a father to him. This shows that Macbeth has a conscience, and that deep down privileged, he is a good person. When he arrives home to his kingdom though, he is greeted by Lady Macbeth who reveals her plan to make her husband King when she saysI result pour my spirits into thine ear,And berate with the valor of my tongueAll that impedes thee from the golden round.(Iv, 24 26)Macbeths conscience tries to fight the constant attacks by his wife who insists that he should kill the king. Finally, Macbeth decides his fate, listens to the poisoned words of his wife and kills Duncan.Immediately after the death of Duncan, Macbeth is completely overcome by guilt. For the moment, he forgets about the now empty throne, and cant comprehend what or why he has do what he has through. When Lady Macbeth realizes that in a state of confusion he has forgotten to remove the daggers from the Kings room, she tells him to go tooshie and get them. He replies bysaying Ill go no more./ I am afraid to think what I have done. / Look ont again, I dare not (II ii, 50 52). This transit outlines the fact that once again, his conscience has taken over control of his mind. Macbeth feels horribly about what he has done to his King. When Macbeth tries to wash the blood from his hands he remarksWill all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will ratherThe multitudinous seas incardine,Making the green one inflamed(II ii, 60 63)Macbeth believes that what he has done will never be washed away from his conscience. He will always have the death of King Duncan hanging over his head.Unfortunately, this is the last we see of Macbeths conscience. Tormented over the likelihood of being unmasked as Duncans murderer, Macbeth continues his evil ways in an attempt to stay on the throne. His vaulting ambition has surfaced once more to overthrow any spot of good left in him and he shows no more remorse for Duncans murder. Wanting to become safely king, Macbeth pl ots out the murder of one of his trump out friends Banquo, the only other person besides Macbeth and his wife, who is aware of the three witches and their prophecy. Again, this shows that his need to succeed in manners is overshadowing his conscience. Macbeths last, and most evil deed is the slaying of Macduffs family.Macbeth puts innocent women and children to death in an attempt lure Macduff back to Scotland so he can have him murdered as well. At this point in the play, it seems as though Macbeth doesnt have a good bone in his body. The little voice of reason inside his head has been snuffed out, and he decides that the only way to be a good King is to make forceful and rash decisions. Macbeth unravels before our eyes and is finally beheaded by Macduff in revenge for the slaying of his family.The war between Macbeths conscience and his vaulting ambition is not foughton a battle field but still had all the exemplary attributes of one that is. Violent acts were carried out, bloo d was shed, and people died. The struggle going on In Macbeths head was finally over, his ambition the victor, and Macbeth himself the defeated. When the hurly-burly was done, the war in Macbeths mind was both lost and won.

Impact of Gst on Fmcg Sector Essay Example for Free

Impact of Gst on Fmcg Sector EssayInitially envisaged to be in place by April 1, 2010 the GST would result in a major rationalization and simplification of the intake valuate structure at both the centre and dry land levels by replacing all central and state level indirect taxes such(prenominal) as value added tax (tub), excise profession, service tax, entertainment tax among opposites bring relief to the common man. GST An Executive Summary GST is the most ambitious indirect tax rectify in India ever attempted and aims to create one b couchless domestic market. It pull up stakes tax consumption as against production which is the current norm.A uniform station testament be imposed on a product only once, at the point of its app rarity, thus reducing the cost for consumers. Key benefits If GST is enforced without many exemptions and with a single rate, the fol patheticing benefits leave behind fall down * Macro Successful pan-India implementation will add 1-1. 7 % to the GDP and boost the tax/GDP ratio. * Micro Incidence of tax will come down in case of manufactured goods. However, in case of services the incidence and coverage of tax may rise resulting in higher prices. Industry Volume growth will accrue as incidence of taxation is minimized. Also, supply chain efficiencies will accrue as thither will be no need for multiple depots and wargonhouses.Driven by growing consumption in uncouth and semi-urban areas, the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) market is expected to double from $14. 7 one million million in 2008-09 to $30 billion in 2012, according to a study titled Prospects in the FMCG sector, released by the Associated Chambers of transaction and Industry of India (Assocham). The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with a market size in excess of $14. 7 billion. A well-established statistical distribution network, intense competition between the organized and unstructured segments characterize the sector. GST is a tax on consumption, and since FMCGs form the core of the consumption basket, the sector would be look upon closely on the heels of its implementation. The sector is bound to witness many gainers and closers, depending crucially on the base and place of the GST. Currently both centre and state tax rates vary- central value added tax (CENVAT) duty varies from 0-14 % (reduced to 8% under the fiscal stimulus package) and the state VAT varies between 0% and 12. 5%. Indications are that the combined centre and state GST on FMCGs could range between 12% and 14%, if applied at a single rate.At this rate, the total burden on FMCGs should remain approximately the akin as under the current structure. However, it would running to simplication in the tax structure and would mitigate the disputes relating to classification of goods into respective(a) tax rate categories and determination of factory price for application of CENVAT. However, if food and other basic necessities were to be exempted or made taxable at a lower rate, then the standard rate for other goods and services could be pushed up to 18% or more.This could lead to disputes on classification of goods to the two rate categories. Leaving aside the issue of rates, many benefits are to be realized with respect to simplification of the supply chain which are summarized thus Impact of GST on the FMCG run Chain The introduction of GST is expected to instal best-in-class capability in supply chain as well as people capability and conjure Indias cost leadership position by eliminating inefficiencies in supply chain and taxation * triune Route-to-market models Upto 35% reduction possible in time-to-market. Simplification of Supply Chain With the elimination of central gross revenue tax, manufacturers could implement a centralized warehousing and distribution centre and need not set up distribution depots in individual states and make inter-state gross revenue via consignment agents. * Elimination of T ax Cascading Currently, FMCG dealers cannot claim a credit for the service tax paid on their introduces. Restrictions also apply on claiming credits for VAT on inputs other than goods for resale. Reduction in Inventory Costs Currently, the CENVAT is included in inventory be, because of which the dealers costs increase. Under the new structure, the GST paid on inventory would be fully recoverable as input tax credit, reducing the inventory financing costs. * Cash Flow benefit from tax The dealers would be compendium GST from their customers as they make sales, but would be required to remit it to the government only at the end of the month or the quarter, when they file their returns.This extra cash float would be like a pass off interest-free loan from the government each quarter. These benefits would be then passed on to the customer in the form of strength Price Reduction which are depicted below ( Under two scenarios of 14% and 16% attain Duty) Direct Impact on Logistics wi th trickle down benefits for FMCG The cost of logistics in India is about 13% of the GDP, among the highest in the world. This higher logistics spend in India is attributed to the inefficiencies in the system which are expected to be done apart with the new taxation regime.The previous regime has resulted in an unorganized and fragmented warehousing industry necessitating contour of the logistics industry processes. The GST would impact the Logistics sector as under * Consolidation outsourcing in warehousing Achievable referable to inherent advantages of low fixed costs, low employment of manpower and administrative effort. * Reduction in procedure of Distribution Centres (DCs) Post GST, state specific distribution centres are expected to change to regional DCs. The outlet of this would be fewer DCs of larger size, more value inventory and a higher number of trasactions. approach in Quality of Services Costs savings can be used to improve the tincture of services and the usa ge of larger line haul vehicles, larger loads and cross docking. * Alleviation of complexities in documentation and inter State barriers Through a uniform and seamless application of CGST SGST irrecoverable taxes such as Central Sales Tax (CST), complex documentation of inter State movement of goods, entry barriers at state borders resulting in long transportation times and imposition of local levies such as entry taxes and octroi upon physical entry of goods into designated areas can be done away with. AnalysisIn order to satisfy the set of customer needs through its products and services, the firms operating in the FMCG space need to attain a consistency between their Business Strategy, Product Development Strategy, Marketing Sales Strategy and Supply Chain Strategy. As identified earlier, the supply chain strategy which revolves around Operations, Distribution and Service is adapt towards cost leadership by the implementation of GST, all while improving quality of service. I n the FMCG sector, there is a need for an efficient supply chain as consumer goods typically depict predictable demand, explaining their low margins.GST helps us achieve thus by alleviating complexities inherent in the existing tax system. Facility meshwork Design Considerations Increase in the number of facilities increase costs associated with inventory, setting up of additional facilities and transportation. As discussed earlier, the elimination of the Central Sales Tax can help the industry work towards consolidation of warehouses and distribution centres, reducing the number of facilities and thereby the overall logistics costs.Same has a direct impact on solution time, and the savings realized by facility reduction along with the multiple route-to-market models that have opened up, could lead to a 35% reduction in time-to-market. Recommendations Based on the secondary data collected, and the subsequent analytic thinking of the FMCG sector the following recommendations have been tabulated for the benefit of the policy makers * Extended date of implementation Setting of the deadline as October, 2010 as opposed to April 1, 2010 would help the Centre solve any and all disputes related to its implementation with the States principal to a flawless roll-out. Removal of classification between goods and services To ensure there are no classification disputes, leading to more complications and delays. * Removal of existing area found exemptions the existing area based exemptions in respect of CENVAT should be discontinued and if need be a direct investment joined cash subsidy may be provided to support the industry, for balanced regional development. The idea is to not wear the GST chain with regard to both CGST SGST.Some of the options around re-engineering the supply chain would relate to decisions on original supplies vis-a-vis imports Intra-State vis-a-vis Inter-State procurement manufacturing service/warehousing stocking locations, in-house v/s cont ract manufacturing, direct sales v/s stock transfers etc.

Do attitudes predict behaviour

Do attitudes predict deportmentDo attitudes predict doings?The relationship among attitudes and demeanour is one of the most controversial topics in social psychology. Though the definition of attitudes can non be confirmed yet, this essay uses the description in Hoggs and Vaughans book (1995) that attitudes be a popular view or evaluation ab disclose persons, object or issue as well as a relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, evens or symbols. This definition indicates that there is a close relationship in the midst of attitudes and behaviour. While some critical evidences arose to show that attitudes have little prophetical power on behaviour after the LaPieres experiment (1934), the relationship among attitudes and behaviour is still macrocosm researched as one of the primary(prenominal) topic in the social psychology during recent years. This essay forget analyse the get togeth er between the attitudes and behaviour. This essay begins by looking at the attitude-behaviour inconsistency and then leave alone go on to focus on the possibleness of planned behaviour which whitethorn be regarded as the key surmise to deal with the attitude-behaviour relationship.It is so naive as to think a persons attitudes and behaviour ar linked directly and consistently. It can be seen all the condemnation that people say they want to wield fit but they never do excises, people are worried about global change while they are driving high exhaust cars and using air-conditions.The discovery of the attitude-behaviour inconsistency goes back to thirty-something America depending on the work of the Stanford sociologist Richard LaPiere. At that time, the people in the US had a strong parti pris on Asian. After LaPiere and his two Chinese friends traveled through the US, they were pleasantly surprised to find that out of the 250 hotels and restaurants they visited, all but one served them courteously. Six months later, LaPiere sent a questionnaire to all the hotels and restaurants they visited, asking will you approve members of the Chinese race as guests in your establishment? Incredibly 90% of participants answered no, they would not accept Chinese race into their establishment. This experiment do shows the inconsistency of attitudes and behaviour. After this research, Wicker (1969) found that the average correlation between attitudes and behaviour was and 0.15, which indicated the weak link between attitudes and behaviour. Though LaPieres experiment caused critics to the attitude-behaviour consistency, it did not deny the link between attitudes and behaviour. LaPieres experiment was not designed for attitudes research and there were some problems lay in the questionnaire that may convey some mistakes in this study the people who answered the questionnaires might not be the person who sever the Chinese couple the responders did not be told that the Chinese couple was polite, educated and well-dressed attitudes may have changed during the cardinal months.One of the influence factors in LaPieres experiment is the measuring method of attitudes. It is not easy to measure attitudes and researchers deposit heavily on asking people and using questionnaires which are all self-described methods. States by Fiske (2004), self-report measurement is more(prenominal) easily to gain the explicit attitudes than the implicit attitudes. When the conflict between explicit and implicit attitudes happened, behaviour is ceaselessly coursed by implicit attitude. As implicit attitudes always gained from indirect and complex methods, self-described method can scantily indicates it. The research done by Sherman, Rose and Koch, et al (2003) on implicit and explicit attitudes toward cigarette locoweed shows that implicit attitudes can predict behaviour more stably and accurately. Implicit attitudes are seldom influenced by other factors which can disrupt the correspondence between attitudes and behaviour. In the other words, the using of self-described questionnaires for measuring the attitudes may become a cause of inaccuracy in the prediction of the behaviour.Another important factor influenced LaPieres study is the six months. Though attitude is a stable and enduring evaluation, it may change as the time went by. So as the questionnaires were done after six months, the participants attitudes may have changed during the six month which may lead to the illusion that attitudes do not predict behaviour. As to the other studies on the link between attitudes and behaviour, time interval always exists between the measurement of attitude and behaviour. Some times it would last a keen-sighted time, six months, a month or some times just a week. But no matter how long it was, attitude may probably have changed during this period. This will influence the consistency between attitude and behaviour as well. When attitudes are us ed to predict behaviour, it would be influenced by many divers(prenominal) variables, much(prenominal) as the methods of attitudes measurement as mentioned above, the attitude strength, social norm, past experience and habits, etc. So the relationship between attitudes and behaviour is not related in a one-to-one fashion (Hogg and Vaughan, 1995). The general models relations with link between attitudes and behaviour are the heavy action theory (TRA) and the planned behaviour theory (TPB). These two theories are not in conflict, TPB is an avail of the first theory. The reasoned action theory was first put forward by Ajzen and Fishbein in 1974 which believed that behavioural intention is the result of the combination of inbred norm and attitude towards the behaviour and the behavioural intention leads to the behaviour. That is people will behaviour after evaluated by the attitude towards the behaviour and judge the propriety by the subjective norm. It emphasises that people can control the behaviour consciously, for example, I can do exercises regularly if I really want to keep fit. heretofore, as it mentioned above, there are few people do exercise though they want to keep fit. come along more some kind-hearteds of behaviour are less under peoples conscious control. For example, people will stockpile under the automatically activated attitudes without thinking rationally to choose the best reason for action. The repeated behaviour much(prenominal) as smoking as a habit may become divorced from attitude. This kind of automatically activated attitude like habits occurs frequently in daily. So people may only think rationally when they faced new or difficult situations. In addition, a behaviour that performed successfully not only depends on the behavioural intention, but also some other variables, such as opportunities and technologiesPeach, . Jimmieson and White, 2005 In order to describe the link between attitudes and behaviour more accurately, the p lanned behaviour theory (TPB) was carried out by Ajzen at 1989 as the extension of the original theory. Perceived behavioural control is the improvement in the TPB which means the persons belief about how easy or difficult to perform an act. To make such a decision, people need to combine the past experience with the present obstacles. The accuracy of the prediction of behaviour was improved in the study that Beck and Ajzen (1991) have done about the students dishonest behaviour since the perceived behavioural control has been measured (Hogg and Vaughan, 1995). So in the TRA and TPB, both the external variables such as opportunities, resources and the peoples internal variables such as normative beliefs and abilities are taken into consideration. This combination of external and internal makes TPB becomes the key theory dealing with the relationship between attitudes and behaviour. In these two theories, the action could be predicted if the persons attitude and social norm are favor able, as well as the level of perceived behavioural control is high.In this essay, the relationship between attitudes and behaviour has been analysed. The inconsistency between attitudes and behaviour was described followed by the reasons why this could happen in the LaPieres experiment. The self-report measurement which is widely used to measure attitudes has been evaluated as it would cause some inaccuracy in the prediction of future actions. The reasoned action theory (TRA) and planned behaviour theory (TPB) have been introduced in details as the main theories dealing with the link between attitudes and behaviour. To conclude, attitudes do predict behaviour once the variables in the measurement and the TPB are well-controlled. The scope of this paper was limited by the lack of introducing other variables influence the correspondence between attitudes and behaviour. However the first step is to realizse that attitude can predict behaviour no matter storge or weak. course creditFis ke S T. Social Being a Core Motive Approach to Social psychology. John Wiley Sons, Int, 2004. 244249Hogg, Michael A. and Vaughan, whole meal flour M. (2005). Social Psychology. Essex Pearson Education Limited. 150171Peach M, Jimmieson N L, And White K M. Beliefs underlying employee readiness to pay a building relocation a theory of planned behavior perspective. Organization Development Journal, 2005, 23(3), 923Sherman S J, Rose J S and Koch K, et al. Implicit and explicit attitudes toward cigarette smoking The effectuate of context and motivation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2003, 22(1), 1340

Integrated Marketing Communications in Rural Markets in India

unified Marketing confabulation theory in country Markets in IndiaWith around 6, 38, 667 villages, India boasts of the highest number of villages in the world, hugely populated by 720 million people (72% of India lives in villages). It is a market which masst be ignored by the marketers. Customers in villages have their admit sets of aspirations and ar willing to pay for the right go. Companies see that that the rules of game argon different when it comes to agricultural markets, especi onlyy in a diverse one uni stress India. The countrified surroundings is different from the urban and therefore parley to electric emf customers in a proper and effective dash is a major challenge for collective marketers. An urban chats climb up might not hold well in these inelegant markets and and so there is a expect to have a different Integrated Marketing communications (IMC) approach for the untaught markets in India.This Research Paper tries to explore and find out how Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) can be used in the bucolic markets in India and a strategical good example has been proposed for the same.Keywords agrarian Markets, Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC).IntroductionThe global economic meltdown has interpreted its toll on the manufacturing and service sector of the economy, which, in turn, has s commencemented down the urban market. The companies cutting across sectors have disc everyplaceed the wideness of clownish markets. With urban India in the grip of a slowdown, the country market is helping industries like automobiles, cement, consumer electronics, textiles, telecommunications and FMCGs grow. age urban organised retail is in pain, its rural counterpart is thriving. All of a sudden, the consumer in the displace back Indian village is being spoilt for choice. The rural incomes are progressing, thanks to the Government initiatives like National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) launched in 2006 whi ch promised employment of at least deoxycytidine monophosphate days to every member of a poor rural household. This served three purposesIt built rural understructurePlugged pilferage of fundsBoosted the disposable incomes of rural familiesThe scheme was rolled out to all the 596 districts of the country. All told, Rs 66,800 crores has been earmarked for the political program. an different(prenominal) functionion for liquidity among farmers came with the farm loan waiver of Rs 65,318 crores carried out by the Government last year.The bottom-line is clear. Customers in villages have their own set of aspirations and are willing to pay for the right service. Companies are understanding that to snap the game in rural markets is to understand and innovate products exclusively for the rural consumers and after tasting supremacy can in any case be replicated in the urban markets. For example, Tata Sky launched DTH ( channel to Home) primarily for the urban markets. However, in the rural entry, the strikeage has been at Rs 99 per month which was a mini-thali of sorts with a bit of everything. The promotional campaigns included fetching Aamir Khan as the stain ambassador who could easily appeal across the rural-urban divide and they also do a lot of promotions and demonstrations so as to motivate the local distributors who highlight the benefits of the service. Tata Sky has launched the Rs 99 pack in the urban markets as well.Advertising goes hand in hand with economic process. With economic relaxation behavior and increasing rural prosperity, marketers are keen to inform villagers close to the benefits of buying and consuming their products and services. Prior to the launching of economic liberalization in 1990s, there was little incentive for marketers to advertise their products and services, as rural markets were preponderantly a sellers market.The influence of the electronic media, in particular television, video and the Hindi film industry, is c ontributing to the growth of rural aspirations, which are being manifested in rural India in the form of increasing consumerism.The rural environment is different from the urban and therefore communication to potential customers in a proper and effective panache is a major challenge for corporate marketers. The majority of advertisements designed by corporate marketers, are for the most part urban oriented and extend themselves to rural areas without any consideration to the values and sensitivities of the rural audience, which are practically in striking contrast to those of their urban counterparts. This has led to a negative perception in the minds of villagers, nigh urban media planners and advertisers.Rural communication is not a peripheral activity. It does not, for instance, involve taking an audio-visual van to a village and assuming that this step is enough to r apiece out to customers. It requires an entirely different mindset, which demands getting dislodge of many another(prenominal) mental barriers. Companies have to realize that rural is a long-haul market, as gains in the short endpoint are neither spry nor large.Challenges in Rural CommunicationsThere are many challenges to communication in rural. Low literacy take poor media reach and exposure and vast, heterogeneous and diversely spread rural audiences characterized by variations in language, culture and lifestyle-all these factors pose multiple challenges to marketers looking to take their passs to the largely media-dark or media-grey areas, of rural markets. Heterogeneity and spreadThe communication pattern in any society is a part of its culture. No communication medium can exist in a cultural vacuum. Communicating the core to rural consumers ha posed enormous challenges to the rural marketer, because of the large numbers of consumers scatters across the country. The problem is further intensify by the heterogeneous personality of consumers there are 16 scheduled languages and 114 local vernaculars. For example, the dialects used in the Vidharbha region, in Konkan region, in costal Maharashtra etc. Limited Media ReachThe limited reach of the mass media imposes limitations on universal communication to rural consumers. These factors lead to poor message comprehension and negligible impact, which fail to learn into consumer awareness and hence fail in generating consumer pull.Understanding the Rural AudienceIt is not sufficient to understand rural communication challenges as stated above rather, what is equally crucial is the need to understand the behavioral and psychographic characteristics of the rural audience, in order to develop an effective rural communication strategy.Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) ToolsIMC is a management concept that is designed to desex all aspects of selling communication such as advert, gross revenue promotion, public dealing, private exchange and get hold of trade work together as a unified big busines sman, rather than permitting each to work in isolation.AdvertisingAdvertising has four characteristics it is persuasive in nature it is non-personal it is paid for by an identified sponsor and it is disseminated through mass channels of communication. Advertising messages whitethorn promote the adoption of goods, services, persons, or ideas. Because the gross revenue message is disseminated through the mass media-as opposed to personal interchange-it is ensureed as a much cheaper direction of reaching consumers. However, its non-personal nature means it lacks the ability to tailor the gross revenue message to the message recipient and, much grievously, actually get the sale. Therefore, advertize effects are best mensural in foothold of increasing awareness and changing attitudes and opinions, not creating sales. Advertisings contribution to sales is difficult to specify because many factors influence sales. The contribution advert makes to sales are best viewed over the l ong run. The exception to this thinking is within the internet arena. While banner ads, pop-ups and interstitials should still be viewed as brand promoting and not necessarily sales drivers, technology provides the ability to track how many of a websites visitors click the banner, investigate a product, request more information, and ultimately make a obtain.Through the use of symbols and images advertizement can help differentiate products and services that are otherwise similar. Advertising also helps create and maintain brand equity. disgrace equity is an intangible asset that results from a favorable image, impressions of differentiation, or consumer attachment to the association, brand, or trademark. This equity translates into great sales volume, and/or higher margins, thus greater competitive advantage. Brand equity is established and maintain through advertising that focuses on image, product attributes, service, or other features of the company and its products or serv ices.Cost is the sterling(prenominal) disadvantage of advertising. The average cost for a 30-second spot on network television increased five-fold between 1980 and 2005. Plus, the average cost of producing a 30-second ad for network television is quite valuable. It is not grotesque for a national advertiser to spend in the millions of dollars for one 30-second commercial to be engenderd. Add more millions on top of that if celebrity talent is utilized.Credibility and clutter are other disadvantages. Consumers have turn over increasingly skeptical closely advertising messages and tend to resent advertisers attempt to persuade. Advertising is everywhere, from network television, to unremarkable newspapers, to roadside billboards, to golf course signs, to stickers on fruit in grocery stores. Clutter encourages consumers to ignore many advertising messages. New media are emerging, such as DVRs (digital video recorders) which kick consumers to record programs and then thin comm ercials, and satellite radio which provides a majority of its channels advertising free.Public Relations (PR)Public relations is defined as a management function which identifies, establishes, and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the public upon which its success or failure depends. Whereas advertising is a one-way communication from air outer (the marketer) to the receiver (the consumer or the retail trade), public relations considers multiple audiences (consumers, employees, suppliers, vendors, etc.) and uses two-way communication to monitor feedback and adjust both(prenominal) its message and the organizations actions for maximum benefit. A primary tool used by public relations practitioners is furtherance. Publicity capitalizes on the news value of a product, service, idea, person or event so that the information can be disseminated through the news media. This third party endorsement by the news media provides a vital boost to the merch andising communication message credibility. Articles in the media are perceived as being more objective lens than advertisements, and their messages are more likely to be absorbed and believed. For example, after the CBS newsmagazine 60 Minutes reported in the early 1990s that drinking moderate amounts of red wine could prevent heart attacks by overweight cholesterol, red wine sales in the join States increased 50 percent. Another benefit publicity offers is that it is free, not considering the great amount of effort it can require to get out-bound publicity noticed and picked up by media sources.Public relations role in the promotional combine is be approach more important because of what Philip Kotler describes as an over communicated society. Consumers develop communication-avoidance routines where they are likely to tune out commercial messages. As advertising loses some of its cost-effectiveness, marketers are turning to news coverage, events, and community programs to help disseminate their product and company messages. or so consumers may also base their purchase decisions on the image of the company, for example, how environmentally responsible the company is. In this regard, public relations plays an important role in presenting, through news reports, sponsorships, advertorials (a form of advertising that kind of of selling a product or service promotes the companys views regarding current issues), and other forms of communication, what the company stands for. sales Promotions (SP) gross sales promotions are operate hitments that offer extra incentives to enhance or accelerate the products movement from producer to consumer. sales promotions may be consumeed at the consumer or the trade. Consumer promotions such as coupons, sampling, premiums, sweepstakes, price packs (packs that offer greater quantity or lower cost than normal), low-cost financing deals, and rebates are purchase incentives in that they induce product trial and encourage rep urchase. Consumer promotions may also include incentives to visit a retail face or request bestowitional information. Trade promotions include slotting allowances (buying shelf space in retail stores), allowances for featuring the brand in retail advertising, display and merchandising allowances, buying allowances (volume discounts and other volume-oriented incentives), bill back allowances (pay-for-performance incentives), incentives to salespeople, and other tactics to encourage retailers to carry the item and to push the brand.Two perspectives may be found among marketers regarding sales promotion. First, sales promotion is supplemental to advertising in that it binds the role of advertising with personal selling. This view regards sales promotion as a minor player in the marketing communication program. A second view regards sales promotion and advertising as distinct functions with objectives and strategies very different from each other. gross sales promotion in this sense is equal to or even more important than advertising. Some companies allocate as much as 75 percent of their advertising/promotion dollars to sales promotion and just 25 percent to advertising. Finding the right balance is often a difficult task. The main purpose of sales promotion is to spur action. Advertising sets up the deal by developing a brand disposition and general anatomying market value. Sales promotion helps close the deal by providing incentives that build market volume.Sales promotions can motivate customers to select a particular brand, especially when brands appear to be equal, and they can produce more immediate and measurable results than advertising. However, too heavy a reliance on sales promotions results in deal-prone consumers with little brand loyalty and too much price sensitivity. Sales promotions can also force competitors to offer similar inducements, with sales and profits suffering for everyone. individualised Selling (PS)Personal selling includes all person-to-person contact with customers with the purpose of introducing the product to the customer, convincing him or her of the products value, and closing the sale. The role of personal selling varies from organization to organization, depending on the nature and size of the company, the industry, and the products or services it is marketing. Many marketing executives realize that both sales and non-sales employees act as salespeople for their organization in one way or another. One theme that perhaps supports this contention found that marketing executives predicted greater emphasis being placed on sales management and personal selling in their organization than on any other promotional mix element. These organizations have launched training sessions that show employees how they act as salespeople for the organization and how they can improve their interpersonal skills with clients, customers, and prospects. Employee punish programs now reward employees for their efforts in t his regard.Personal selling is the most effective way to make a sale because of the interpersonal communication between the salesperson and the prospect. Messages can be orient to particular situations, immediate feedback can be processed, and message strategies can be changed to accommodate the feedback. However, personal selling is the most expensive way to make a sale, with the average cost per sales call ranging from $235 to $332 and the average number of sales calls needed to close a deal being between three and six personal calls.Sales and marketing management classifies salespersons into one of three groups creative selling, order taking, and missionary sales reps. Creative selling jobs require the most skills and preparation. They are the point person for the sales function. They prospect for customers, analyze situations, determine how their company can satisfy wants and needs of prospects, and, most importantly, get an order. Order takers take over after the sign order i s received. They handle repeat purchases (straight rebuys) and modified rebuys. Missionary sales reps service accounts by introducing new products, promotions, and other programs. Orders are taken by order takers or by distributors.Direct Marketing (DM)Direct marketing, the oldest form of marketing, is the process of communicating directly with target customers to encourage response by telephone, mail, electronic means, or personal visit. Users of direct marketing include retailers, wholesalers, manufacturers, and service providers, and they use a variety of methods including direct mail, telemarketing, direct-response advertising, online computer obtain services, cable shopping net deeds, and infomercials. Traditionally not viewed as an element in the promotional mix, direct marketing represents one of the most profound changes in marketing and promotion in the last 25 years. Aspects of direct marketing, which includes direct response advertising and direct mail advertising as wel l as the mingled research and support activities necessary for their implementation, have been adopted by virtually all companies engaged in marketing products, services, ideas, or persons.Direct marketing has become an important part of many marketing communication programs for three reasons. First, the number of two-income households has increased dramatically. About six in every ten women in the United States work outside the home. This has reduced the amount of time families have for shopping trips. Secondly, more shoppers than ever in advance rely on credit cards for payment of goods and services. These cashless transactions make products easier and faster to purchase. Finally, technological advances in telecommunications and computers allow consumers to make purchases from their homes via telephone, television, or computer with ease and safety. These three factors have dramatically altered the buy habits of American consumers and made direct marketing a growing field worldw ide.Direct marketing allows a company to target more precisely a segment of customers and prospects with a sales message tailored to their specialised needs and characteristics. Unlike advertising and public relations, whose connections to actual sales are tenuous or nebulous at best, direct marketing offers accountability by providing tangible results. The economics of direct marketing have also improved over the years as more information is gathered about customers and prospects. By identifying those consumers they can serve more effectively and profitably, companies may be more efficient in their marketing efforts. Whereas network television in the past offered opportunities to reach huge groups of consumers at a low cost per thousand, direct marketing can reach individual consumers and develop a relationship with each of them.Research indicates that brands with strong brand equity are more successful in direct marketing efforts than little-known brands. Direct marketing, then, works best when other marketing communication such as traditional media advertising supports the direct marketing effort.Direct marketing has its drawbacks also. Just as consumers built resistance to the persuasive nature of advertising, so have they with direct marketing efforts. Direct marketers have responded by being less sales oriented and more relationship oriented. Also, just as consumers grew weary of advertising clutter, so have they with the direct marketing efforts. Consumers are bombarded with mail, infomercials, and telemarketing pitches daily. Some direct marketers have responded by regarding privacy as a customer service benefit. Direct marketers must also overcome consumer mistrust of direct marketing efforts overdue to incidents of illegal behavior by companies and individuals employ direct marketing. The U.S. Postal Service, the Federal Trade Commission, and other federal official and state agencies may prosecute criminal acts. The industry then risks legislatio n regulating the behavior of direct marketers if it is not successful in self-regulation. The Direct Marketing Association, the leading trade organization for direct marketing, works with companies and government agencies to initiate self-regulation. In March of 2003 the National Do Not Call Registry went into happen upon whereby consumers takeed their names to a list that telemarketers had to eliminate from their out-bound call database.Emerging Tools of IMCSponsorships (Event Marketing)Sponsorships, or event marketing, combine advertising and sales promotions with public relations. Sponsorships increase awareness of a company or product, build loyalty with a specific target audience, help differentiate a product from its competitors, provide merchandising opportunities, demonstrate payload to a community or ethnic group, or impact the bottom line. Like advertising, sponsorships are initiated to build long-term associations. Organizations sometimes compare sponsorships with adve rtising by using gross impressions or cost-per-thousand measurements. However, the value of sponsorships can be very difficult to measure. Companies considering sponsorships should consider the short-term public relations value of sponsorships and the long-term goals of the organization. Sports sponsorships make up about two-thirds of all sponsorships.Social Media MarketingThe concept of friendly media marketing basically refers to the process of promoting business or websites through social media channels. It is a powerful marketing medium that is defining the way people are communicating. It is one of the significantly low-cost promotional methods that provide businesses large numbers of golf links and huge amount of traffic. Companies manage to get massive attention and that really works in save of the business. Social media marketing is a potent method applied by progressive companies for selling their products/services or for just publishing content for advertisement revenue. Social media is an extremely useful tool using which companies can get their information, product descriptions, promotions all ingrained in the chain of networking world. Considering the newness of this marketing method, organizations are coming up with innovative ways to develop their marketing plans. New platforms are being created to approach potential clients. A large number of business organizations are allocating budget for online business development using social media marketing. It is a booming sector which is going to redefine the way marketing strategies are being form and promoted.Internet MarketingInternet marketing also referred to as i-marketing, web-marketing, online-marketing or e-Marketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. The Internet has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of Internet marketing in terms of providing instant responses and eliciting responses are the unique qualities of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to be broad in mount because it not only refers to marketing on the Internet, but also includes marketing done via e-mail and wireless media. Management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems are also often grouped together under internet marketing.Internet marketing ties together creative and technological aspects of the Internet, including design, development, advertising, and sales.Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along many different stages of the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), banner ads on specific websites, e-mail marketing, and Web 2.0 strategies.Mobile MarketingMobile Marketing involves communicating with the consumer via cellular (or mobile) device, either to send a simple marketing message, to introduce them to a new audience participation-based campaign or to allow them to visit a mobile website.Mobile c onnectivity not only enables people to connect to the Internet via a cellular telephone, PDA or other gadget, but also consolidates the different communication channels in a simple, yet effective medium.Cheaper than traditional means for both the consumer and the marketer and easy enough for or so any age group to understand and engage with Mobile Marketing really is a streamlined version of traditional eMarketing.Strategic Framework for IMC in Rural Markets in IndiaA strategic framework for implementing Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) in the rural markets in India has been proposed. The following are the elements of the frameworkObjectives The firms need to set and review their objectives for the rural markets. The desired effects and output needed from an integrated communications programme need to be decided and this becomes the base for the next steps in the implementation framework.3As of the Adoption do byAwareness Creation Firstly, awareness needs to be created about the brand and the product in the rural market. An urban product might have low or almost nil awareness level in the rural market. The various tools that should be used at this stage are Public Relations, Direct Marketing, Advertising and Events.Adopt the Brand Once awareness has been created about the brand, steps need to be taken so that the rural markets adopt the brand. The various tools that should be used at this stage are Personal Selling, Sales Promotions and thoroughfare shows.Brand Purchase Once people have adopted the brand, steps must be taken to ensure that people purchase the brand and become repeat buyers. The tools which must be used at this stage are Sales Promotion and Personal Selling.IMC Tools As mentioned before, different tools serve different purposes in the rural markets. For awareness creation, Public Relations, Direct Marketing, Advertising and Events are useful. Rural advertising will be different from the urban advertising keeping in mind the diffe rent profiles of the rural customers. Events also are very effective tools as they engage prospective consumers.The tools useful for adopting the brand are Personal Selling, Sales Promotions and Road shows. The markets accept and adopt the brands once salience has been achieved in the previous stage. Road shows are newer IMC tools which are proving to be very effective. They should be leveraged in the rural markets.In the brand purchase stage, tools like Personal Selling and Sales Promotions must be used as they have a direct impact on the brand purchase by providing incentives and more direct information about the brand.Select Right Mix of IMC All these above mentioned tools need to be used judiciously and in the right proportion to achieve the desired marketing objectives. There needs to be a strategic fit between the chosen tools and the IMC objectives. Depending on the stages of the adoption process, the corresponding tools should be given importance over others and also overall media budget must be considered.Adds Incremental Value to the Firm The implementation of an Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) model in the rural markets in the above mentioned manner will add incremental value to the firm.Since most of the corporate are looking in a big manner to exploit the rural markets in India, the above strategic framework might be useful for them to attire an IMC strategy. And it goes without saying that an urban IMC will be different from a rural IMC.ConclusionsCustomers in villages have their own set of aspirations and are willing to pay for the right services. Companies are understanding that to play the game in rural markets is to understand and innovate products exclusively for the rural consumers and after tasting success can also be replicated in the urban markets. The rural environment is different from the urban and therefore communication to potential customers in a proper and effective manner is a major challenge for corporate marketers. A n urban communications approach might not hold well in these rural markets and thus there is a need to have a different Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) approach for the rural markets in India. The strategic framework for Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) developed in this paper may be used by companies as a part of their rural strategy. Thus the companies can add incremental value to themselves.